Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Zitiervorschlag: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/
| ID | Sector | add. info sector | Policy strategy | add. info policy strategy | Measure / action | add. info measure / action | Policy Instrument | Policy Instrument Description | add. info policy instrument | Time horizon implementation | Time horizon impact | Sufficiency type | Instrument Type | Indicator | Full Reference with page(s) | URL | Intro | Intro date |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Sector | add. info sector | Policy strategy | add. info policy strategy | Measure / action | add. info measure / action | Policy Instrument | Policy Instrument Description | add. info policy instrument | Time horizon implementation | Time horizon impact | Sufficiency type | Instrument Type | Indicator | Full Reference with page(s) | URL | Intro | Intro date |
| 0 | explanation / metadata | Targeted goal of policy instrument | Activity induced by policy instrument to reach the goal | Unique name of the policy instrument that explains the policy to some extent | Slightly more detailed description of the respective policy instrument | Rough estimate of time until possible implementation | Rough estimate of time betw. implement. & impact | avoid/shift/improve, see Best et al. (2022) | Instrument types acc. to UNFCCC (2000) | Indicator(s) addressed by the policy instrument and/or that can serve to monitor policy impact |
cite as: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/ | https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database | Name of person who inserted / proposed the policy | Date (mm/yyyy) of introduction of policy in the database | ||||
| 1 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Animal protein tax | Meat tax or animal protein tax | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID1 | short | short | shift | economic | consumed animal products/capita | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51; Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f; German Zero p. 437 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||
| 2 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | School-based programs | School-based intervention programs for a healthy diet | medium | medium | shift | education | consumed animal products/capita | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 3 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Food labelling | Standardised food labelling in relation to the carbon footprint | medium | medium | shift | regulation | consumed animal products/capita | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 4 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Mass media campaigns | Communication and mass media campaigns for a vegetarian and climate-friendly diet | short | short | shift | information | consumed animal products/capita | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 5 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Action plan on mass catering | Action plan on mass catering to increase the offer of vegetarian and vegan dishes e.g. in cantines, care institutions etc | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID5 | short | medium | shift | other | consumed animal products/capita | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 358 | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||
| 6 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Diet shift: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines | Employers/Cantines follow WHO-recommendations | short | short | shift | voluntary agreements | consumed animal products/capita | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 7 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Research and development for better meat substitute products | Develop better meat substitute products: R&D programmes | short | medium | shift | research and development | consumed animal products/capita | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 8 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Masterplan with nutritional recommendations compatible with the Paris Agreement | Plan: Elaboration of a masterplan for nutritional recommendations, against the background of the Paris Agreement targets. | medium | long | shift | other | consumed animal products/capita | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/downloadPdf/41 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 9 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Taxation of animal products | Development of pricing instruments for consumption incentivisation (e.g. establishment of alternative proteine sources), internalisation of external effects. | short | short | shift | economic | consumed animal products/capita | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/downloadPdf/41 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 10 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Education/information for sustainable nutrition | Education and consulting for sustainable, climate-friendly and healthy nutrition. | medium | medium | shift | information | consumed animal products/capita | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/downloadPdf/41 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 11 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Minimum standards and labelling for food offers | Strengthening of sustainability criteria (minimum standards) for food offers in federal office buildings, optional labelling of climate impacts on food offers in federal office buildings | medium | medium | shift | regulation | consumed animal products/capita | NECP DE p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 12 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Reduction of animal farming and export of animal products | Cancellation of export subsidies for animal products | Cancellation of export subsidies for animal products | short | short | avoid | fiscal | kg of exported meat | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 13 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Reduction of animal farming and export of animal products | EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer | Emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction | medium | long | avoid | economic | livestock units per hectare | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 14 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Reduction of animal farming and export of animal products | Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers | Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers | short | medium | avoid | economic | livestock units per hectare | NECP LT p. 80 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 15 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Reduction of animal farming and export of animal products | Regulate maximum livestock unit per hectare | Upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm) | short | medium | avoid | regulation | livestock units per hectare | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 16 | Land-use & food | Reduction of fertilizer use | Reduction of organic fertilizer use | Regulation on nitrogen limit | Stricter nitrogen limits to protect drinking water | short | medium | avoid | regulation | nitrogen content of soil and water | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 17 | Land-use & food | Reduction of live stock | Diet shift | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Diet_shift | Consulting bodies on healthy nutrition | Establishment of local consulting gremium that develops recommendations for healthy nutrition. | medium | long | shift | information | consumed animal products/capita | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 18 | Land-use & food | Reduction of fertilizer use | Reduction of mineral fertilizer use | Price on mineral fertilizer within CAP or as tax | CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); the instrument will also foster inland farming of legumes | medium | medium | avoid | economic | kg of mineral fertilizer | German Zero p. 409; NECP LT p. 78 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 19 | Land-use & food | Increase regional food production and processing | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#s-Increase_regional_food_production_and_processing | Increase consumption of regional products | Label for food from the region | Support regional food e.g. on local markets | short | medium | shift | information | share of regional products | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 20 | Land-use & food | Increase regional food production and processing | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#s-Increase_regional_food_production_and_processing | Increase consumption of regional products | Information on local food production/processing | Revitalise interest in local food production and processing to shorten the food supply chain. | medium | medium | shift | information | share of regional products | NECP SI p. 70 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 21 | Land-use & food | Reduction of food waste and overconsumption | Reduction of food waste | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_of_food_waste | Development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms | We encourage the development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms. Distribution platforms cover the supply and demand of food surpluses in a given region and organise the logistics of these flows. In food platforms, surpluses are transformed into new food products and then distributed. | medium | medium | avoid | other | food waste in kg/capita | NECP BE p. 114f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 22 | Land-use & food | Reduction of food waste and overconsumption | Reduction of food waste | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_of_food_waste | Food waste: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines | Voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines to reduce food waste | short | short | avoid | voluntary agreements | food waste in kg/capita | NECP ES (EN) p. 128 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 23 | Land-use & food | Reduction of food waste and overconsumption | Reduction of food waste | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_of_food_waste | Information campaigns on food-waste | Information campaigns on food-waste | medium | medium | avoid | information | food waste in kg/capita | Association négaWatt 2017; NECPs: AT, BE, DE, GR, FR, NL, LT, ES, PT, LU, SK | https://negawatt.org/IMG/pdf/synthese_scenario-negawatt_2017-2050.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 24 | Land-use & food | Reduction of food waste and overconsumption | Reduction of the consumption of climate harmful food and drinks | Marketing ban of climate harmful foods and drinks | Ban of advertisement of climate harmful foods and drinks | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID24 | short | short | avoid | regulation | emissions of food and drinks | Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://buergerrat-klima.de/downloadPdf/41 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |||
| 25 | Land-use & food | Increase regional food production and processing | Increase locally grown food | Funding and support of community gardens | Empty, unused areas can be converted into gardens to make them available for the production of food for the communitiy. The EU, member states and local governments need to fund and support the promotion and implementation of these community gardens. | medium | long | shift | fiscal | share of regional products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 26 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Raising awareness for the reduction of energy consumption | Information about energy savings by reduced heating temperature | Information for household of options to reduce and effects from reducing the room heat temperature (e.g. by 1 degree 20 to 19 degree C) | short | short | avoid | information | average °C room temperature | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 118 | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 27 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented moving and living | Right to exchange flats | Right to exchange flats between the tenants of two different flats without rise of rent (except flats where the landlord lives in the same house with not more than two flats) | short | medium | avoid | regulation | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 366 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 28 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented moving and living | Moving bonus | Moving bonus in case of switching from a bigger to a smaller flat (size/living space must be regional average or below) | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID28 | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 367 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |||
| 29 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented moving and living | Moving advice | Municipal advisory offices for moving, sublease and home exchange (main target group: elderly people living on more than 80m2) | medium | medium | avoid | information | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 30 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented building modifications | Advice for change of use | Advice from municipal advisory offices regarding building regulations for switching usage or adapting houses | short | medium | avoid | information | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 31 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Use of vacant buildings | Monitoring vacancies | Monitoring vacancies and provide concepts for intermediate use of empty buildings and areas (municipal advisory offices) | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID31 | short | medium | avoid | information | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |||
| 32 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented moving and living | Fiscal relief for subleasing | Fiscal relief for long-term subleasing room in the own household (not for touristic subleasing) | short | short | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 33 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Protect existing buildings and living space | Protection of living space by control numbers | Control of sub-leasing of a flat for tourist purpose by living space protection numbers (permanent rule) | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID33 | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 369 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |||
| 34 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented new construction | Subsidies for small flats | Subsidy for municipalities when building small flats (e.g. <40qm or regional average) | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 372 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 35 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented building modifications | Subsidy for splitting Single-Family-Houses | Financial subsidy for structural partitioning of single family houses under the condition of subleasing (or sale) of part of it | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 371 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 36 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-supporting ownership structures | Investment grants for housing cooperatives | Housing cooperatives do not profit from depreciation rates like the commercial housing construction. Therefore, grants should be given at a similar level. In addition, housing cooperatives that provide significantly smaller living spaces per person compared to the regional or municipal average should receive additional grants (EnSu complement). | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 37 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-supporting ownership structures | Financial support for buying shares of housing cooperatives | (Increase) subsidy/premia for buying housing coop shares. | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 38 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented moving and living | Bonus payment for living on small space | Bonus for having less living space (at primary residence) than regional or municipal average (also for shared living concepts) | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 62 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Limit land consumption to net-zero | Upper limit for land consumption + allocation scheme | Allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities: distribution by inhabitants | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year | German Zero p. 376 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 63 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Limit land consumption to net-zero | Cap-and trade system for construction area | Allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities including trading scheme | medium | medium | avoid | economic | land consumption m2/year | German Zero p. 376 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 64 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Reduce urban sprawl | Withdraw possibility for speed-up construction in exterior areas | Stop speeded-up processes for buildings in exterior areas (such as no public consultation), as this is mostly used in urban localities to set up new construction areas. | short | short | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year | German Zero p. 377 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 65 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Reduce urban sprawl | Cancellation of commuting allowance | Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. This instrument makes it less attractive to live far from the working place (esp. in the city) and can thus reduce urban sprawl. See also ID 209 (transport sector) | short | medium | avoid | economic | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 378 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 66 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Reduce urban sprawl | Stopping incentives for new build single family houses | Example: Baukindergeld. If supporting families to get a house, support should only be for buying or renovating an old piece of real estate (Gebrauchtimmobilie) - at least 10 years old | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 378 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 67 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Use of vacant buildings | Cadastre for unused areas | Mobilise unused areas within the building stock by recording them in a cadastre (law on national level obliges municipalities) | medium | medium | avoid | information | m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 379 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 68 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Protect existing buildings and living space | Prohibition of misuse of living space | Intensifying the prohibition of misuse (vacancy, demolition, conversion to commercial use, tourist accommodations, and structural alterations) that prevents usage of living space | short | short | avoid | regulation | m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 379 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 69 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Vertical densification | Tax advantages for vertical densification | Support vertical densification by tax advantages (e.g. increase depreciation percentage | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 380 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 70 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Vertical densification | Reduce approval requirements for house-top story addition | Facilitate house-top storey addition for new living space by less approval requirements - e.g no approval procedure is necessary, there is not requirement to include a lift etc. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID70 | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 380 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |||
| 71 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Vertical densification | Support scheme for roof extensions | House-top storey addition: investment support + incentives for energy efficient building | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 381 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 74 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented building modifications | Design of development plans with diverse and mixed use | To support redensification and the city of short distances, the conversion of e.g. office space to residential space is facilitated. | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 383 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 75 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Conversion of buildings into living space | Loans for conversion to living space | Promotional loans for conversion to living space in cities | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 383 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 76 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Reduce car parking spaces | Abolish obligation for car parking spaces | Abolish the need for parking spaces in front of buildings except for disabled people and bikes; more place for buildings, green area etc. | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space | German Zero p. 384 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 77 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Reduce car parking spaces | Abolish privileges for underground parking spaces | No privileges for underground parking space in the construction planning law | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space | German Zero p. 384 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 78 | Buildings | Using existing buildings for living space | Protect existing buildings and living space | Wrecking permit based on CO2 balance | Wrecking permit is only granted if the CO2-balance of an energetic renovation is worse than replacement construction | short | medium | avoid | regulation | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | German Zero p. 385 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 80 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Support inner-city green areas | Determine green area factor for city planning | For city planning, a certain factor has to be met, e.g. average green volume (m3) per area (m2). This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID80 | short | long | avoid | regulation | m3 green/m2 city area | German Zero p. 386 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |||
| 81 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Support inner-city green areas | Social just distribution of green areas in cities | Green areas should be especially added in districts with high poverty and few green areas, thus introducing a mechanism that introduces more green areas where people with lower income or smaller living space per person life. This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl. | medium | long | avoid | fiscal | m3 green/m2 city area | German Zero p. 386 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 85 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented building modifications | Training offensive for existing buildings | With declining new construction activity, more craftsmen can be recruited for energy-efficient refurbishment and construction in existing buildings. The chambers of crafts should therefore offer appropriate training and retraining measures, including courses on building with renewable and natural building materials. | short | long | avoid | education | energy and resource intensity of construction material, energy intensity of new buildings | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | ||||
| 87 | Buildings | Reduce living space | Sufficiency-oriented building modifications | Training offensive for existing buildings | Training content must be changed away from new construction and towards the preservation, renovation and conversion of existing buildings. In particular, conversion measures for sufficent housing should be taught (EnSu complement). | medium | long | avoid | education | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, m2 unused living space | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Luisa Cordroch | 08/2022 | ||||
| 88 | Cross-sectoral | Develop a growth independent economy | Accept a steady state of the economy, rollback of growth policy | Introduce beyond-GDP measurement | Policymakers should look beyond GDP when making decisions and assessments, taking a broader view to include, for example, indicators of health, education and the ecological footprint. There are already many existing measures that include these factors, such as the wellbeing index implemented in Scotland and New Zealand. | medium | medium | general | not specified | GDP | UBA GreenSupreme p. 199, 379; Jackson 2013 | https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/transformationsprozess-treibhausgasneutrales-ressourcenschonendes-deutschland-greensupreme | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 89 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Inflation indexing (in fuel taxation reform) | Absolute tax-levels should be indexed to avoid devaluation of taxes (as DK, NL, SE) | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID89 | short | short | shift | economic | German Zero p. 223 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 91 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Disincentivise high energy consumption | Reduced energy subsidies for companies | Reduced energy subsidies for companies | short | short | avoid | fiscal | energy use of companies | NECP EE p. 169 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 92 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Carbon pricing | Trajectory of carbon pricing to induce behavioural change and avoid locking in of carbon intensive technologies | medium | medium | general | economic | CO2 emissions | NECP IE | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 93 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Carbon tax | Fiscal neutral green tax reform; CO2 tax introduction with average price of neighbour countries | medium | medium | general | economic | CO2 emissions | NECPs: BE (A) p. 129, SE p. 41, 76ff, PT p. 86, FI p. 18, 88, EE p. 88, CY p. 110, LU p. 61, DK p. 79, LV p. 109, SI p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 94 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Carbon tax for heat and transport | Carbon tax for heat and transport (= non-ETS) sectors | short | medium | general | economic | CO2 emissions | NECPs: DE p. 241, HR p. 83, AT p. 171 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 95 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Tax incentives for low-carbon products | Tax incentives for low-carbon products e.g. for soft mobility and use of modes of transport other than private cars (walking, cycling, public transport) | short | short | general | economic | CO2 emissions | NECPs: PT p. 86, BE p. 104, 106 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 97 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Pricing of GHG emissions | Energy and electricity taxation reform | Energy and electricity taxation reform | short | short | general | economic | energy and electricity use | NECPs: DE p. 240, SE p. 41, 76ff, FI p. 18, 88, DK p. 79 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 98 | Cross-sectoral | Encourage cultural change towards sufficiency | Provide information on climate and energy demand reduction to citizens | Information campaign for a low-carbon economy | Awareness raising and information campaigns towards a low-carbon economy and climate-friendly lifestyles | short | short | general | information | reduced energy service demand | NECPs: DE p. 78, PT p. 58, LV p. 106 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 99 | Industry / Production | Sustainable Tourism | Climate-friendly behaviour of tourists & infrastructure of tourism sector | Instrument mix of information and awareness components | Information and awareness programmes for both tourists and catering professionals through specific tools, such as the development of targeted energy inspections, the establishment of energy and environmental footprint criteria and reporting on certification and energy signalling schemes | short | short | general | information | energy use | NECP GR p. 225 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 100 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of fossil fuels | Levies on energy products | Increase levies on energy products used for producing electricity | short | short | general | economic | emission factor of electricity production | NECP IT p. 138 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 101 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Make environmentally damaging activities more expensive | Cut back environmentally damaging subsidies | Cut back environmentally damaging subsidies | short | short | general | fiscal | reduced energy service demand | NECPs: IT p. 170f, PT p. 86, PL p. 118, SI p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 102 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Make environmentally damaging activities more expensive | Abolish environmentally damaging subsidies | Abolish environmentally damaging subsidies | short | short | general | fiscal | reduced energy service demand | NECP LT p. 131 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 103 | Cross-sectoral | Encourage cultural change towards sufficiency | Strengthen sustainability and climate in education | Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes | medium | long | general | education | climate-related issues in curricula | NECPs: LT p. 92, PT p. 58, LU p. 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 106 | Cross-sectoral | Encourage cultural change towards sufficiency | Provide information on climate and energy demand reduction to citizens | Build-up or strenghten energy and climate agencies | Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors | medium | medium | general | information | NECP PT p. 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 107 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Disincentivise high energy consumption | Progressive electricity tariffs | Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases. | medium | medium | general | economic | kWh electricity used | NECP MT p. 82 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 109 | Cross-sectoral | Encourage cultural change towards sufficiency | Provide information on climate and energy demand reduction to citizens | Informational measures on energy saving measures for consumers | Consumer information and training programmes: Electricity retails publish on their websites energy saving tips; companies have consultants on energy efficiency to help customers reduce their energy consumption without expensive investments and complex repairs; the measure is supported by regional and local governments countrywide. The initiatives envisage the establishment of consumer councils, organising consumer days and a number of campaigns in regional and municipal centres where customers can learn how to save energy. | short | short | general | information | kWh consumed energy | NECP BG p. 135 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 111 | Cross-sectoral | Strengthen public and common goods | Regulate preservation of common goods | Include Allmende in Corporate Law | Inclusion of externalization in competition and corporate law. Externalization is included in the Unfair Competition Act (UWG). A new paragraph 12 in Section 4 UWG could state: a person acts unfairly (and can therefore be sued by a competitor for relief) if he gains a competitive advantage by omitting to take measures that are necessary to preserve a common good that he uses. | medium | medium | general | regulation | Scherhorn 2012 | https://band1.dieweltdercommons.de/essays/gerhard-scherhorn-die-welt-als-allmende-fur-ein-gemeingutersensitives-wettbewerbsrecht/#fnref-580-5 | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 112 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Redistribute wealth | Implementation of gift taxes (beyond a certain base amount) | Gift taxes are political instruments that place a burden on the transfer of wealth. They can minimise social patterns of wealth formation related to inheritance rather than individual achievements. The implementation of gift taxes can increase distributive justice, which would in turn lead to increased equality of opportunity. | short | short | general | economic | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 113 | Cross-sectoral | Social Innovations/Research & Development for Sufficiency | Funding for sufficiency research & consultancy | Research & consultancy funds for sufficiency | In order to understand what is important for a good life and how this can be achieved in a sustainable way, all political levels can step up research in this area with additional funding (all sectors: industry, agri-food, buildings and mobility) | medium | long | general | research and development | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 114 | Cross-sectoral | Strengthen public and common goods | Incentivise increase in public goods | Incentives for regional governments to provide basic goods as commons | The EU and member states transfer (financial) incentives to local governments to provide essential basic services/common goods that enable wellbeing and social prosperity (e.g. electricity, public transport, housing and access to nature). | short | medium | shift | fiscal | regional products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 115 | Cross-sectoral | Strengthen public and common goods | Introduction of new schemes or frameworks for commons | Common trusts | A commons trust is a legal entity responsible for protecting a shared asset. Because it is common property, the commons are insulated from any claims by private individuals, business, government or other trusts. Trustees appointed by the stakeholders undertake legal and fiscal responsibility for the long-term preservation, use or production of commons. Many types of commons can be managed with trusts (such as land, air, water) to benefit the public as a whole and future generations. The commons trust concept builds on the cap-and-dividend idea and implies that resources like land, air, water are commonly shared and that depleting them comes at a cost. The more that is used or polluted, the higher the price of an additional “right to use/pollute” unit. This not only provides financial incentives to protect environmental resources but also has a social component: the returns can either be invested in the common good or distributed equally among citizens. Consumers with resource-intensive lifestyles pay more than they receive, while those who cultivate sustainable lifestyles (i.e. primarily low-income earners) receive money. | short | short | shift | regulation | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 116 | Cross-sectoral | Strengthen public and common goods | Introduction of new schemes or frameworks for commons | Introduction of democratic commons | Introducing democratic commons means reorganising the property that belongs to society as a whole. This could take place democratically via an executive committee consisting of representatives of authorities, employees, users, equal opportunity officers and lawyers. Democratic commons is a category of property in society, e.g. universities, schools, public utilities, railways, post offices, banks and kindergartens. | medium | medium | general | other | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 117 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Production | Ban on environmentally damaging investments | Prohibit environmentally harmful investments | Many environmentally harmful activities are financed by investments from the financial sector. Ministries of Finance and Environment can provide guidance to market participants by prohibiting investments that harm the environment, helping reallocate money towards sustainable investments. Therefore, a catalogue would have to be drawn up, which defines from when on which kind of investments are prohibited or regulated. | medium | medium | general | regulation | GDP | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 118 | Industry / Production | Sustainable tourism | Support local tourism (medium to short-distance) | Tax benefits local tourism | The EU member states need fo find measures such as taxes or environmental standards for the tourism industry to include environmental costs in the price of tourism-related services. At the same time regional and local tourism need to be revalorised and promoted. | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | pkm | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 119 | Cross-sectoral | Strengthen public and common goods | Incentivise increase in public goods | Condition regional development funding to public space quotas | Regional development funding of the EU should be linked to regulations, which require a minimum space of public space free of compulsion to buy. This could be parks or librarys. | short | medium | general | fiscal | % of non-commercial public space | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 120 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Reduction and regulation of advertising | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_and_regulation_of_advertising | Restrict online marketing | A selective ban on advertising allows to restrict personalized online advertising, pricing and situational marketing. Especially regulations on the evaluation and use of online movement profiles are recommended to restrict the manipulation of consumers and the generation of needs to stimulate consumption. This regulation is important to protect personal data and to reduce redundant consumption. | short | short | avoid | regulation | number of products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 121 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of fossil fuels | Reduce/abolish subsidies for fossil fuels | Fossil fuel is still highly subsidised in the EU member states – take the low taxes on air traffic, for example. This stands in stark contrast to decarbonisation goal. Reducing environmentally harmful subsidies is a pivotal step towards decarbonisation and has been demanded for many years. To soften the negative social side effects on low-income groups and simultaneously promote sustainable alternatives, the freed-up financial resources can be used for tax breaks on areas like public transportation or may be fully or partly reimbursed to the population. | short | short | avoid | fiscal | fossil fuels | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 122 | Cross-sectoral | Encourage cultural change towards sufficiency | Strengthen sustainability and climate in education | Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels | Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels by emphasising human dependence on natural resources, climate change, sustainable life and wellbeing in different forms and levels of education. | short | medium | general | education | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 123 | Cross-sectoral | Develop a growth independent economy | Accept a steady state of the economy, rollback of growth policy | Transformation of the EU's Stability and Growth Pact into a Stability and Welfare Agreement | This transformation was also proposed by more than 200 researchers in September 2018. The new agreement would not define economic growth as a policy objective, but focus on welfare measures instead of GDP and allow the role of public funding to increase ecological sustainability. | medium | medium | general | other | alt. welfare indices, GDP/material throughput as model input | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 124 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Limitation of illumination | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Limitation_of_illumination | Regulation of night-time outdoor lighting | Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels at night due to artificial light. It is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation, impacting animal activity, inhibiting photosynthesis, and thus threatening ecosystems at large. It is recommended that unnecessary lighting, such as the illumination of buildings, advertisements and shop windows, be banned or at least limited. In addition to protecting the ecosphere, it also offers the opportunity to save substantial amounts of energy. | short | short | avoid | regulation | TWh | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 125 | Cross-sectoral | Social Innovations/Research & Development for Sufficiency | Support social innovations | Regulatory framework, subsidies, R&D support for social innovations | Social innovations play a key role in the transformation towards sustainable prosperity in Europe. They successively introduce and establish new forms of environmentally friendly and fair business, as well as sustainable lifestyles. The EU and its member states can actively support existing and future pioneers, including social enterprises, commons initiatives and ecovillages, by creating an enabling administrative, economic and legal environment. A promosing instrument would be the provision of financial help. | short | short | general | fiscal | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 126 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Reduce income differences | Increase of the top tax rate to 100% for income above 20 times the minimum wage | States can introduce a top tax rate of 100 per cent linked to the minimum wage. It would effectively serve as an income cap, as the entire additional amount earned would have to go to the state and set a maximum income gap. Increasing the tax rates for top earners will be particularly relevant to counteract luxury consumption, inflated salaries and perverse incentives of the financial sector. | short | short | avoid | economic | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 127 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Reduce income differences | Maximum Pay Differential by income taxation | Multiple studies have found that citizens in more unequal societies reported lower wellbeing than people in more equal societies. Besides, highly unequal societies tend to fall apart. A maximum pay differential is a form of progressive income taxation and similar to a maximum wage. By tackling income inequality, the chances of achieving individual wellbeing can be increased. | short | short | avoid | economic | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 128 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Reduce income differences | Progressive Income Tax | Progressive taxes impose a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with higher incomes, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay. Progressive tax systems reduce the tax burden on people who can least afford to pay them and allow people with the greatest amount of resources to fund a greater portion of the services all people and businesses rely on. | short | short | avoid | economic | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 129 | Cross-sectoral | Social Innovations/Research & Development for Sufficiency | Funding for sufficiency research & consultancy | Funding of research for sufficiency solutions | Despite the great potential of sufficiency strategies, not much attention is currently paid to this topic. Increased funding of research by the EU and member states in the field of sufficiency solutions, lifestyle changes and their potential for sustainability would be worthwhile. | medium | long | general | research and development | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 130 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Redistribute wealth | Inheritance taxes | The ability to keep one's wealth within a family reproduces inequality. This creates path-dependencies which promote unequal distribution of income and power positions. In order to break through these path-depedencies and create "equal starting positions" within the economic sphere, it is recommended to increase the inheritance tax and the charge on lifetime gifts to about 45 %. The inheritance tax can be used to create additional government revenues. | short | short | avoid | economic | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 131 | Cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Regulate reduction of working hours | Legal and tariff agreements to set caps on working hours | Unemployment is often cited as the central reason for the economy's dependence on growth. A cap on working hours, implemented through legal and tariff agreements by member states, can better distribute working time and decrease unemployment while improving wellbeing and health. | short | short | general | regulation | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 132 | Cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Regulate reduction of working hours | Minimum holiday entitlement | Minimum holiday entitlements is a means to reduce working time. Working time reduction decreases unemployment: Due to the ongoing technical progress, people are replaced by machines. Reducing working time enables a wider range of people to have access to work. In addition, within the last decades, productivity has increased, which means that more goods can be produced in a shorter time. However, this also leads to an increase in resource consumption and waste emissions. Besides environmental protection, wellbeing can also be improved through working time reduction. Minimum holiday entitlements set an incentive to reduce paid work per year. | short | short | general | regulation | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 133 | Cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Incentivise reduction of working hours | income taxation structure progressive with working hours | short | short | general | fiscal | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||||
| 134 | Cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Incentivise reduction of working hours | Lowering and flexibilization of retirement age | Governments can facilitate a reduction in working time by providing individuals with high levels of control over their own time. Introducing and promoting options and financial facilities for an earlier retirement age is one possible measure. A complementary option would be the institutionalisation of flexible retirement, i.e. offering the opportunity to either gradually phase-out or stay on the job for a longer time than formally required. Overall, reducing working time enables more people to have access to work and may improve health and wellbeing. | medium | medium | general | regulation | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 135 | Cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Regulate reduction of working hours | Four-day work week | States, perhaps in cooperation with labour unions, could pass legislation or set incentives for companies to limit working days to four, or to reduce working hours (to around 30, for example). In the meantime, companies could move to lower their work hours independently, as has been done by organisations like Perpetual Guardian and Wildbit. Lower working hours reduce stress, increase employee health and happiness – and can even increase productivity. | short | short | general | other | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||||
| 136 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Disincentivise high energy consumption | Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies | Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies | short | short | avoid | fiscal | TWh | German Zero | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 137 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Raising awareness for the reduction of energy consumption | Consumer consulting | Energy suppliers are obliged to consult their consumers on ways to reduce energy consumption | medium | medium | avoid | information | TWh | NECP LT p. 143 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 138 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Fiscal and economic instruments to reduce energy consumption | Financial incentives for energy savings | Offer a price subsidy for saved energy to incentivise households. | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | TWh | Friends of the Earth Europe 2018 | http://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/resource_use/2018/foee_sufficiency_booklet.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 139 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Raising awareness for the reduction of energy consumption | Information campaigns | Information campaigns like general advertisement campaigns (e.g. TV ads) to specific and tailored information provided to specific groups of end-users | medium | medium | avoid | information | TWh | Bertoldi 2017 | http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=7 | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 140 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Raising awareness for the reduction of energy consumption | Peer energy comparison | The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID140 | medium | medium | avoid | information | TWh | Bertoldi 2017 | http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=8 | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 140 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Disincentivise high energy consumption | Force energy suppliers to provie individuals with comparisons with their peers’ energy use | The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high. | medium | medium | avoid | information | TWh | Bertoldi 2017 | http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=8 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 141 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | Raising awareness for the reduction of energy consumption | Real-time information about the energy consumption | Smart meters provide real-time energy consumption information and comparison to identify energy consuming activities and potentially reduce them. | medium | medium | avoid | information | TWh | Best & Wagner 2020 p. 74-77 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/7610/file/7610_Best.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 142 | Cross-sectoral | Internalisation of external costs and limits to externalisation | Control externalisation of environmental damage | Regulation/standards for energy imports | Import of energy carriers only if legally defined sustainability standards are met and if they are additionally produced renewables | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | TWh energy import/year by source and sustainability criteria | German Zero p. 90f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 143 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Reduce barriers (policies, legislation, cultural) for sufficiency | Eliminate barriers for wood-use | Reduce barriers that hinder the use of durable wood products (building regulations or regulations or technical material properties) | short | medium | shift | regulation | material use | NECP DE p. 137; LTS DE p. 69 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://ec.europa.eu/info/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/energy-and-climate-governance-and-reporting/national-long-term-strategies_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 144 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of environmentally harming materials | Tax non-recyclable materials | Reduce non-recyclable plastic; higher fees on the production of materials which are difficult to recycle | medium | medium | avoid | economic | material use | NECP IE p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 145 | Industry / Production | Reduce waste | Mitigate waste production | Ban waste exports | Complete ban on exporting waste out of the EU | short | long | avoid | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 131 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 147 | Industry / Production | Reduce waste | Mitigate waste production | Liability for waste export violations | Extend liability for violations: Liability under administrative offenses should be introduced for cases in which waste export companies violate the due diligence obligation. | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 131 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 148 | Industry / Production | Reduce waste | Mitigate waste production | Ban destruction of returned goods | Prohibition of destruction of returned goods. As of today, the destruction of returned goods (e-commerce) is often the cheapest option. This instrument would clearly ban the destruction of returned goods. In Germany, a legal option for a ban is given in the context of the Verordnungsermächtigung in § 24 Nr. 10 KrWG. | short | short | avoid | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 132 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 149 | Industry / Production | Increase transparency of environmental impacts | Extension to material consumption | Product label environmental footprint | Cumpulsory ecological product labelling including environmental life cycle footprint | short | medium | general | information | material use | German Zero p. 133f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 150 | Industry / Production | Increase transparency of environmental impacts | Increase reliance and meaningfulness | EU-wide unification of monitoring systems for life cycle information of products | Establishing an EU-system for tracking the life cycle of a product | short | medium | general | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 134 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 151 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Information, Eco-Warranty | Obligation for product warranty statement formulated in an understandabel manner by the manufacturer | short | medium | general | information | material use | German Zero p. 138 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 152 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Minimum Lifetime | Mandatory disclosure on the minimum lifetime of product. | short | medium | general | information | product lifetime, material use | German Zero p. 139 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 153 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | No choice between repair vs. new product | Not the consumer, but the producer decides whether a product can be repaired or needs to replaced. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID153 | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 144f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 154 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Joint liability of seller and producer/manufacturer | Joint liability for products of seller and producer/manufacturer, based on a warranty declaration. | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 139 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 155 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Regulate repairability of products | Standards for reparability for several products (adjust Eco-Design-Directive), Products have to be designed in such a way that they can be repaired easily. A minimum requiry could be that products can be disassemble and reassembled in a non-destructive way and without special tools. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID155 | medium | medium | shift | regulation | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 140f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 156 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Access to spare parts | Producers are obliged to provide access to spare parts and special tools for all actors including repair-initiatives, consumers | short | medium | shift | regulation | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 157 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Access to repair information | Information necessary for repair is available quickly and easily for all. A manufacturer may charge a reasonable fee for providing information. | short | medium | shift | information | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 158 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Access to affordable spare parts | Access to affordable spare parts (legal right for appropriate pricing) | short | medium | shift | regulation | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 159 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Minimal compatibility of software | Minimum compatibility periods for new softwar with existing hardware. | short | medium | shift | regulation | product lifetime, material use | German Zero p. 161-162 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 160 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | VAT-reduction for repaired products & repair services | Reduction of value-added tax for repair service and repaired products | short | short | shift | economic | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 142 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 161 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Repair bonus | 50% of the costs for repair up to 100 Euro are subsidiesed | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID161 | short | short | shift | fiscal | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 143 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 162 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Regulate product replacement | "Selbstvornahme" repair by customer - paid by seller/manufacturer | short | medium | shift | regulation | repair quota, material use | German Zero p. 145 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 163 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Obligation for reusable packaging | Obligation to offer reusable packaging, e. g. reusable alternatives in the take-away sector, and deposit fee for reusable beverage cups and reusable food packaging. | short | short | shift | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 146f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 164 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of environmentally harming materials | Ban microplastics | European ban on added microplastics in all products | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID164 | short | long | shift | regulation | material use | German Zero p. 150 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 165 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of fossil fuels | No subsidies for material uses of fossil fuels | Expiration of the tax exemption for material uses of fossil fuels (not used as heating or fuel). | short | medium | shift | fiscal | recyclate use | German Zero p. 152 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 168 | Industry / Production | Reduce waste | Mitigate waste production | Establishing a Circular Economy Strategy | Circular Economy Strategy: establishing an institutional framework and incentives for Circular Economy. Strategies: reduce material consumption, intensify use of products, material substitution, close resource cycles | medium | long | shift | other | material use, land use | NECP GR p. 108, WWF & Oeko-Institut 2022 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://www.wwf.de/fileadmin/fm-wwf/Publikationen-PDF/Unternehmen/Machbarkeitsstudie-Modell-Deutschland-CE-Endbericht.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 169 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Larger market share of repaired & durable products | Subsidise Zero Waste Shops and Green Corners | In order to reduce the production of waste and GHGs, a non-repayable economic contribution is allocated for the trial of ‘green corners’ in city shops; here loose or on-draught products are sold, starting with smaller establishments with a view to eventually opening entirely ‘green’ shops; | short | short | avoid | fiscal | material use | NECP IT p. 130 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 170 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Phase-out of environmentally harming materials | Launch awareness raising campaigns | Information, training and awareness-raising campaigns in schools etc. to reduce the use of disposable plastics and non-recyclable packaging | short | short | avoid | information | material use | NECP IT p. 130 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 171 | Industry / Production | Strengthen regional economies | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#s-Strengthen_regional_economies | Revitalise interest in local production | Introduce a label for local products | Introduce label for Designed/Made/Grown/Repaired in and around a city (region) to revitalise interest in local production and shorten transport kilometers | short | short | shift | information | share of local products, tkm | NECP BE p. 127 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 172 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to consumption | Reduction and regulation of advertising | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_and_regulation_of_advertising | Marketing ban for energy-intensive domestic appliances | Ban on the marketing of energy-intensive domestic appliances | short | short | avoid | regulation | energy, resource use | NECP BE p. 127 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 173 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Limitation of illumination | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Limitation_of_illumination | Lighting ban (night) | Different options/combinations possible: obligation to swich off lights in offices after leaving, of buildings/monuments and in shops at night, of illuminated advertising | short | short | avoid | regulation | energy use, TWh | French Ministry of Ecological Transition 2021 | https://www.ecologie.gouv.fr/pollution-lumineuse | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 174 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Reduction and regulation of advertising | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_and_regulation_of_advertising | Ban ads in public space | Implementation of advertising bans | short | short | general | regulation | number of products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 175 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Reduction and regulation of advertising | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_and_regulation_of_advertising | Limit or ban advertisement in public space: Cap & trade ads | Implementation of advertising quotas and trading of advertising rights. | short | short | general | economic | number of products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |||
| 176 | Cross-sectoral | Limits to Consumption | Reduction and regulation of advertising | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#m-Reduction_and_regulation_of_advertising | Ban advertisments for children under 12 | Advertisement is used to influence consumption. Experts widely agree that children below the age of 12 cannot effectively recognise advertising and are not yet able to adopt critical attitudes towards it. | short | short | avoid | regulation | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 177 | Industry / Production | Increase durability of products | Enable customers to repair products | Provision of data for open source production of spare parts | Manufacturers are obliged to provide data that allows consumers to repair items on their own instead of buying new ones in case of single broken parts. This may reduce the level of consumption and new skills can be learned. | short | medium | general | regulation | repair quota, lifetime of products | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 178 | Land-use & food | Steer and reduce agricultural area | No agricultural use of wetlands | Regulate use of wetlands (no agricultural use) | Prohibition of agricultural use (exception potentially: paludiculture, to be researched). Areas to be secured by means of cataster registration. | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | ha of wetlands under protection | German Zero p. 421 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 179 | Land-use & food | Steer and reduce agricultural area | No agricultural use of wetlands | Exclude agricultural use of wetlands from agricultural subsidies (EU policy) | Restructure land-based subsidies in EU common agricultural policy: phase out subsidies for agricultural use of drained wetlands, inclusion of paludiculture as fully subsidy-receiving. Additional financial support for switch to paludiculture. | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | ha of wetlands under protection | German Zero p. 422 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 180 | Land-use & food | Steer and reduce agricultural area | Increase areas not used by agriculture | EU regulation on minimum share of areas outside agricultural use | Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use fom 5 to 10%, as mandatory share for all farmers | medium | medium | shift | regulation | ha land not in agricultural use | German Zero p. 435 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 181 | Buildings | Sustainable urban- and settlement development without new sealing | Support inner-city green areas | Extend/establish protected areas in cities | Open spaces in cities, such as green belts, are essential for air quality, the regulation of the local climate and the quality of life. In order to safeguard them, these areas can be designated as protected areas, subject to a ban on building and sealing. Better connections between those areas would constitute a significant improvement for biodiversity, enabling fauna and flora to circulate without barriers such as roads and buildings. | medium | medium | avoid | other | share of green areas in cities | Fuhrhop 2017 | https://www.oekom.de/buch/verbietet-das-bauen-9783962381943 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 182 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | IT equipment subsidies for working from home | For self-employed and employers, ICT equipment already count as expenses for tax base calculation (mature, but baseline). In addition, dedicated teleworking equipment (conferencing hard and software, cloud services etc) could be subsidised. | short | short | avoid | fiscal | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 81 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 183 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | Subsidised energy bills | Voluntary agreements of employers to additional pay, returning saved energy costs at the company; or legal obligation for employers (would likely disincentivise teleworking). | short | short | avoid | fiscal | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 82 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 184 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | Company tax credits for teleworking | Companies receive a tax credit per commuting km not travelled by their employees due to teleworking. This instrument may be financed by a fraction of the commuting flat-rate subsidy, and partially passed to employees for additional energy expenses at home. | short | short | avoid | economic | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 83 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 185 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Better information of employers/employees on communiting impacts | Information campaign commuting | Governmental campaign informing employees and employers and raise awareness on communiting impacts | short | short | avoid | information | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 186 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | Training for telework | The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demonstrated, that with urgency, teleworking can be made possible. But employees need training for an efficient teleworking. Workshops, external coaching and training for teleworking and cloud tools can help to improve efficiency and can thus be subsidised. | short | medium | avoid | education | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 187 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Right to work from home for civil agents | Right to homeoffice (e.g. 50%) in public administration, ministries etc., implement necessary hard and software solution to enable teleworking. | short | short | avoid | regulation | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 89 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 188 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | Teleworking agreements with companies | Voluntary agreements with companies to stimulate and facilitate teleworking | short | short | avoid | voluntary agreements | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 90 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 189 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Increase available broadband infrastructure | IT Infrastructure regulation & investment | Regulatory framework enabling and stimulating investments in broadband IT infrastructure | medium | long | avoid | regulation | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 80 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 190 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Innovation subsidies | Innovation subsidies for avoided commuting | short | medium | avoid | fiscal | nr. of work trips | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 84 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 191 | Transport: freight | Reduce motorised delivery kms | Micro-hubs for delivery | Micro-hub promotion | Promotion of micro-hubs for courier, express and parcel services, terminals in combined transport with automated loading. | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | motorised delivery kms | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 192 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Right to work from home | New regulatory framework for 50% of working time is free to choose between office and home office, orientation at FI Working Time Act. Including regulation for breaks and rest, securing leisure times. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID192 | short | short | avoid | regulation | nr. of work trips | German Zero p. 209; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 79 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 193 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce business trips | Infrastructure improvement | Necessary advancement of digital infrastructures for tele-meetings (glas fibre connection expansion, 5G network). | medium | long | avoid | fiscal | nr. of business trips | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 194 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce business trips | Travel cost regulations (public & company) | Regulatory framework for travel costs (obligatory changes for internal travel cost directives in companies and public admin. travel cost regulations). | short | short | avoid | regulation | nr. of business trips | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 195 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Promotion of teleworking | Tax acknowledgement of expenses for working from home | Flat-rate acknowledgement of expenses for working from home of 5€/day (with potential yearly maximum) | short | short | avoid | fiscal | nr. of work trips | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 196 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Transit-oriented space planning | Space planning urban/rural | Climate/energy targets in space-related planning concepts to reduce transport demands; integrated planning; short paths are actively travelled by walking or cycling; creating short paths through local economies, intelligent urban planning and strengthening of city centres, Transit-oriented development (TOD), see Copenhagen example, SUMPs | medium | long | avoid | other | nr. of trips (other purpose) | NECP AT p. 116; Martin et al. 2020 p. 48 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 197 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Reduce education trips | (Re-) opening of local education facilities | Re-opening of local schools (reversion of closures). To be elaborated further. | medium | long | avoid | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 198 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Reduce education trips | Opening of public and support of private childcare initiatives in villages | Childcare facilities also in villages (opening of public, support of private initiatives) | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 199 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Reduce education trips | (Re-) opening of local education facilities | Higher density of higher education/universities | medium | long | avoid | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 200 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Transit-oriented space planning | Incentives for local/decentral shops, excess charges for traffic-inducing decentralised shops | Incentives for local/decentral shops, e.g. reduced taxation, rent subsidies, free coaching; excess charges for traffic-inducing centralised shops | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 201 | Transport | Reduce trips: local supply | Reduce medical trips | Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care | Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care. Over the last decade, specialised medical care was less available in rural areas than urban centres, general medical care has done less home visits despite increasing numbers of more elderly in need. This probably drives up trips and could be countered by reversing the trend through respective changes to the regulation and incentive framework for medics (Struman et al. 2021). | medium | medium | avoid | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 202 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Re-assignation of parking spaces | Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses. Requires changes to departmental road regulations that currently require roads to be "not necessary" for transportation or "major public interest", if spaces should be turned to other uses. | medium | medium | shift | regulation | parking spaces (per capita) | German Zero p. 232f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 203 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | General restriction of allowed parking | At present, parking is principally allowed on public grounds (common use of public space), if not explicitly prohibited. This policy at regional level would exclude parking from the definition of common use (Gemeingebrauch), leading to allowed parking only in especially designated spaces instead of generally allowed with designated prohibition. | medium | medium | avoid | regulation | parking spaces (per capita) | German Zero p. 231, SRU p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 204 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Red. obligatory parking space/appartment | Elimination of obligatory parking space per apartment in departmental regulations (example department Berlin) | short | medium | avoid | regulation | parking spaces (per capita) | German Zero p. 231 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 205 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Less privileged parking space planning | Reduction of public garages by elimination of national law giving the possibility for local administrations to privilege garages and parking lots in certain areas | short | medium | avoid | regulation | parking spaces (per capita) | German Zero p. 231-232 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 206 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Residents parking fee increase | Increase of parking fees for local residents, ideally in the federal "Gebührenordnung für Maßnahmen im Straßenverkehr", with a minimum tariff and local variability. Proposed minimum tariffs are doubling the current tariffs; SUVs/heavy vehicles should pay more. Socially-just design: graduation of rates based on income. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID206 | short | short | shift | economic | car ownership rate | German Zero p. 232; Matthias et al. 2020; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 207 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce private use of company cars | Company car taxation reform | Tax set off in companies for cars only for low-emissions/consumption cars (possibly no set off for privately used cars), taxation of non-cash benefits (or full exclusion of set off for privately used cars), private use-km dependent taxation | medium | medium | avoid, shift | economic | company cars, total cars | German Zero p. 214ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 208 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | More shared mobility | Incentivising regulation for ride sharing/pooling | Local regulation of tariffs (secure tariffs above public transport where public transport available. However, in rural areas, where public transport is not available secure economic tariffs), special parking & lane use rights | medium | long | avoid, shift | regulation | occupancy rate | German Zero p. 246f; Martin et al. 2020 p. 50 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 209 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Cancellation of commuting allowance | Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. Replacement by increase of personal tax base exemption to benefit all or cross-subsidy of public transport tickets and public transport expansion. See also ID 65 (buildings sector) | short | short | avoid | economic | nr. of work trips | German Zero p. 211ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 210 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Infrastructure investment shift to public transport | Legal moratorium for road expansion | Moratorium for new roads and expansion, with only qualified exeptions. Requires a legal moratorium in the federal law for long-distance roads, a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. | short | long | avoid, shift | regulation | road network | German Zero p. 229 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 211 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Infrastructure investment shift to public transport | Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (national) | Missing legal standards for BVWP, that defines as annex to FStrAbG the network expansion plans. Incl. barriers to road network expansion through CBA and no-better-alternative clause. Requires a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID211 | medium | long | avoid, shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 229f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 212 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Infrastructure investment shift to public transport | Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (regional) | Equivalent implementation in departmental road expansion laws. | medium | long | avoid, shift | other | modal split | German Zero p. 230 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 213 | Transport | Reduce air transport | Infrastructure restriction for airports | Airport expansion moratorium | Moratorium for airport expansions | short | medium | avoid, shift | regulation | air network: availability of air connections | Martin et al. 2020 p. 49 | https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf" | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 214 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | More competences for local administration in infrastructure planning | More competences for administration to change infrastructures, bicycle zones, bicycle "green waves" | short | medium | shift | other | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | German Zero p. 234; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 215 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Expansion of cycling infrastructure and better framework conditions | Expansion of cycling infrastructure (roads and parking) and better framework conditions. Complement: cycling hiways, Seitenstreifen, bridges. Enable setup of bike-preferential roads (currently only possible, where bicycles are already dominating, not with the aim of enabling cycling). | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | German Zero p. 234; NECP DE p. 95; SRU 2020 p. 356 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 216 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Active mobility fund | Active Mobility Fund: creation of a €350 million cycling fund to fight against cycle path breaks etc., make cycling safer (secure parking, marking bikes against theft, bike locks at traffic lights, etc.) | short | medium | shift | fiscal | modal split | NECP FR (EN) p. 57, 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 217 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling & walking | Reorientation of legal basis of road laws (include climate) | Reformulation of targets of road regulation (StVG): not only danger reduction, but respect to needs of cycling/walking, climate and environment (national/departmental level) | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 223 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 218 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Mandate increased staff/budget at local level | National setting of minimum requirement for staff and budgetary resources at local level | medium | medium | shift | regulation | bicycle infrastructure staff in local admin. per 100.000 inhabitants | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 219 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Lower barriers for traffic confinements | Reformulation of road regulation (StVO) to allow traffic restrictions (especially space assignation to bike lanes) also if not necessary for danger avoidance | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 220 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Green wave for bikes | Reformulation of road regulation (VwV-StVO) to provide green wave for bicycles instead of cars | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 221 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling | Opening up one-way streets for bicycles | Allowing bicycles to ride against one-way roads (including enabling changes to StVO) | short | short | shift | regulation | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 222 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote walking | Minimum sidewalk width | min. 2.5m sidewalk width | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 223 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote walking | Quality improvement | Benches, trees, parks (initially pop-up and small-scale, then longer-term implementation) | short | short | shift | other | public park share (% non-sealed soil of total area) | Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 224 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote walking | Facilitate implementation of zebra crossings | Lowering of barriers for zebra and other crossing implementation in StVO (from currently 50 walks + 200 cars per peak hour) | short | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 225 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote walking | Elimination of mandatory sidewalk use | Allowed exception from mandatory use for narrow, bad shape, badly lit, dirty or ice-covered sidewalks. Securing respective walking areas on roads. | short | short | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 226 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote walking | Adequate green phases | Adequately long and frequent green phases, especially at senior residences and kindergardens. Elimination of pedestrian red light crossing as law infringement, when no cars are in sight. | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 227 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Active mode security | Higher sanctions for road rule infringements | Higher fees for road rule infringements: fees according to income, "Flensburg points", effective sanctioning | short | short | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 228 | Transport | Reduce air transport | Limit supply | <600km air travel ban within EU | <600km air travel ban within EU | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID228 | medium | medium | shift | regulation | air network: availability of air connections | German Zero p. 269 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 229 | Transport | Reduce air transport | Limit supply | Domestic air travel ban | Domestic air travel ban | short | short | shift | regulation | air network: availability of air connections | German Zero p. 269 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 230 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Federal train service coordination/planning, incl. night train services | Federal coordination securing frequent night train services to replace short-/medium-distance flights | medium | medium | shift | other | rail network: availability of train connections | LTS AT p. 54; NECPs: AT p. 111, SE p. 53; German Zero p. 242f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 231 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Car-free city centers | Car access restriction | Access restrictions and environmental zones for zero-emission vehicles, entry restrictions for internal combustion vehicles | medium | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87; DLR | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 232 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Mandatory company mobility management | Mandatory mobility management for companies & public administration with 200/300+ employees. Includes mobility data collection, action plan with targets and responsibilities. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID232 | medium | medium | shift | regulation | nr. of trips (other purpose) | German Zero p. 215; SRU 2020 p. 363 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 233 | Transport | Reduce trips: work | Reduce commuting trips | Employer voluntary agreement incl. co-financing and support for working from home | (Voluntary) Climate Agreement (as 2019 closed in NL) with employers to reduce car transport and cycling increase, additional co-financing, support in home-office | medium | medium | shift | voluntary agreements | nr. of trips (other purpose) | NECP NL p. 55 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 234 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Higher cost of car use | Road charge | Introduction of road charges (ideally km-, time-/traffic-dependent) until 2027 for internalising road infrastructure costs. Ideally implementation of a unified charge at EU level, otherwise national. The charge should cover the entire road network, differentiate tariffs by GHG and other emissions (polluter pays principle). Tariffs could also differentiate traffic volumes (high traffic zones with higher tariffs) and e.g. exempt rural zones where no public transport alternative exists. For implementation details see SRU/GermanZero | medium | medium | shift | economic | €/km | German Zero p. 223, SRU p. 377 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 235 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Higher cost of car use | City road charge | If an EU/national road charge cannot be implemented rapidly, an interim solution is to charge roads locally, especially in urban centers. This requires the permission for local administrations. Various urban road charging modes exist, the choice should then be taken at local level, respecting local specificities. The instrument can also be first implemented as an experiment before a public voting (see Stockholm example). | medium | medium | shift | regulation | €/km | German Zero p. 226; Matthias et al. 2020; SRU 2020 p. 357 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 236 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce accompanying trips, shift to bus for school students | Free school transport | Free school transport for all primary and secondary school students and free use of public transport for youths and students between 16-20 years old | short | short | shift | fiscal | nr. of trips (other purpose) | NECP MT p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 237 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Digital parking controls | Use of scan-vehicles (and respective legal basis) instead of manual control, or sensor-based parking management, including dynamic pricing (according to parking situation, traffic situation, urbanisation density) digitalised tickets | medium | medium | shift | regulation | parking spaces/capita | German Zero p. 232; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87, SRU 2020 p. 371 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf;jsessionid=BAFA47E7162B9F3683063D4E0B9F0F74.intranet231?__blob=publicationFile&v=2 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 238 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduction of parking traffic | Support of parking management system | Financial support for local introduction of sensor-based, intelligent parking management systems | short | medium | shift | fiscal | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 239 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Relieve disadvantage of public transport users | Car tax reform | Car tax reform (mobility budget as tax exemption of the size of company car privilege that does not further put in disadvantage people not using a car) | short | medium | shift | economic | car ownership rate | NECP LU p. 85; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 240 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Disincentivise car aquisition/ownership | Mobility Voucher | Introduction of a mobility voucher (up to 1500€/a) for public transport tickets in return for old vehicle (EURO3 or older) | short | short | shift | fiscal | modal split | NECP IT p. 139 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 241 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Disincentivise car aquisition/ownership | Car admission tax | Introduction of car admission tax (potentially levied together with yearly car tax). Based on: - energy consumption (also incl. future EVs), weight - exclude EVs until market ramp-up - step-wise phase-out of buyer premia | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID241 | short | medium | avoid | economic | car ownership rate | German Zero p. 218f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 242 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Higher cost of car use | Yearly car tax | Tax level orientation: CO2-/energy consumption-/weight, inflation-indexing, immediate implementation. This automobile taxation reform targets the replacement of buyer premia and contains 3 elements: - revising tax levels and orienting them progressively at CO2 intensity (esp. for company cars), see GZ 217 and cited sources for more specific tariff formulations - reflecting weight in taxation: promoting smaller/lighter and more efficient cars that have less utilisation impact on road infrastructure with lower tax levels (disincentivising E-SUVs) - inflation-indexing: curently, taxes are set in absolute values that devaluate with inflation. Inflation-indexing would counter this development These elements should be introduced immediately, also to disincentivise existing high-emission vehicles. | medium | medium | avoid | economic | car ownership rate | German Zero p. 217f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 243 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Disincentivise car aquisition/ownership | Elimination of buyer premia | elimination of all vehicle buyer premia (incl. EV), step-wise phase-out | short | medium | avoid, shift | fiscal | car ownership rate | German Zero p. 219 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 244 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Make public transport more attractive | Investment in public transport efficiency increase | More efficient transport technologies (also trains) | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | Public transport funding | NECP ES (EN) p. 135f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 245 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Revision of legal basis, line reactivation | Reactivation of lines, for this instrument, first the legal basis has to be adapted (Änderung des Bundesverkehrswegeplans auch das Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz, die Leistungs- und Finanzierungsvereinbarung (LuFV) sowie ggf. das Schienengüterfernverkehrsnetzförderungsgesetz und das Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz). | medium | long | shift | regulation | public transport network: availability of connections | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 246 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Cost-benefit assessment and reactivation funds | Reactivation of lines, incl. transparent cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Transparent CBA has to be conducted and necessary funds to be provided by the federal government. | medium | long | shift | fiscal | public transport network: availability of connections | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 247 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Target network plan and timetable | GermanZero proposes an encompassing policy package to improve long-distance rail services in terms of network coverage and service frequency. In essence, the proposal is to switch to a concession model in analogy to public transportservice contracting for local public transport and as done by all other EU member states. The package involves 4 policy actions: - Definition of a target rail network and timetable (with higher network density and service frequency "Deutschlandtakt") - National coordinating institution setup within the ministry of transport who contracts rail services and secures the mid/long-term service provision - Concrete service provision definition by the federal state (above institution) to secure full territorial service coverage (irrespective of financial attractiveness of routes) and including night train services - Necessary enactment of a long-distance passenger transport law and adaptions to the Eisenbahnregulierungsgesetz (ERegG) and air transport law (LuFV). | medium | long | shift | regulation | public transport network: availability of connections, Public transport frequency | German Zero p. 241ff | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 248 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Legal obligation for public transport frequency | Public transport frequencies: all stops at least every hour every day, half-hourly on weekdays. Obligation for local public transport tenderers to tender hourly services. Securing of federal finance. | short | medium | shift | fiscal | public transport frequency | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 249 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Legal obligation for public transport availability | Public transport as public welfare provision: every village with public transport stop | medium | medium | shift | regulation | public transport network: availability of connections | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 250 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Public transport funding | Employer pay local public transport fee | Employers pay 2.6% in urban centers, in rural regions 0.55% of wages. Higher contributions for facilities inducing more traffic (See FR: 0.55-2.6% of wage to finance local PT). Applicable only to employers >10 employees, exemption for 10 years after establishment. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID250 | short | medium | shift | economic | public transport network: availability of connections | German Zero p. 244 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 251 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Public transport funding | Accessability fee for building owners | Introduce a one-time accessability fee for building owners to finance public transport connection (similar as other [gas, water, sidewalk, road] development fees). Replace existing obligation for parking lots | short | medium | shift | economic | public transport network: availability of connections | German Zero p. 244 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 252 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | Lower network tariffs | Lower rail network tarriffs by national support, e.g. orientation at marginal costs, or targeted rebates for new offers | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | German Zero p. 240; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 253 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | VAT rebate for long-distance rail travels | Reduction of VAT to level of public provision goods (7%) | short | short | shift | economic | public transport price | NECP DE p. 246 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 254 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | Ticket reform, price reduction | Long distance public transport ticket reform: decreasing prices | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 255 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | Cheaper rail abonnements | Long distance public transport ticket reform: more economic route-abos and BC50, BC100 | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 256 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Public transport funding | Electricity tax reduction | Lower rail electricity tax (currently 1.14ct/kWh, second-highest in EU) or dismiss (as in 8 other EU countries) | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | German Zero p. 240 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 257 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Public transport funding | National grants for light rail construction | Grants for the establishment of light rail transits and further lines (DK: in Aarhus and Odense). In DE, expansion of existing light rail networks and establishment of new networks in urban areas. | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | public transport network: availability of connections | NECP DK p. 95 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 258 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | 365€ ticket | Local yearly public transport ticket @365€ | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 259 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | Free local public transport tickets, alternative financing, service expansion | Generally free local public transport (tax financed). This instrument needs to be accompanied by infrastructure and service expansion to meet expectedly largely increasing public transport demand. | short | short | shift | fiscal | public transport price | Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88 | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 260 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Network enhancement for overtaking long freight trains | In the German rail network, rails are often shared between short/long-distance passenger trains and freight trains. Especially slower and long (EU standard: 740m) freight trains need to be overtaken. Over the last years, parallel and overtaking tracks have rather been reduced. The network needs enhancement with respective overtaking tracks. | medium | long | shift | fiscal | public transport frequency | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 261 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Increase multi-modality | P&R + mobility hubs | Mandatory P&R facilities where sufficient bus connection is not possible. Incl. mobility hub (incl. car sharing). | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 262 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Inform population on climate effects of mobility (options) | Information campaign and platform | Information campaign Climate 2050 and information platform containing target group-specific information explaining national climate policy (goal: citzens think and know about how to contribute personally to climate issues) | short | short | shift | not specified | NECP DE p. 78f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 263 | Industry / Production | Increase transparency of environmental impacts | Increase reliance and meaningfulness | Label based on absolute values | Labelling of car energy consumption: absolute values instead of value/weight (as in DE) | medium | medium | avoid | information | energy use | German Zero p. 207 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 264 | Transport: freight | Improve freight rail | Improve infrastructure | Improve rail interoperability (EU) | Improve digital signalling systems and interoperability (ETCS), and digital coupling/freight | medium | medium | shift | fiscal | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 265 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Higher cost of car use | Reform EU energy tax directive | Increase of minimum taxation, harmonisation | medium | medium | shift, general | economic | gasoline price | German Zero p. 223; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 28ff | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 266 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Attractive public transport prices | Higher taxes on fossil fuels, lower taxes on electricity | Surcharge tax on top of energy tax for gas (rising) and electricity (falling). Current additional taxation scheme: Carbon tax for heat and transport sectors. Implemented within the "Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" (BEHG) as tax ("fixed price") until 2025, then price corridor in ETS. Path and corridor see https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/199/1919929.pdf Art 1.2 | medium | medium | shift | economic | gasoline price, public transport price | NECP NL p. 63 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 267 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Less road space, more space for bicycles and pedestrians | Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure | Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure (may be initially pop-up, then long-term implementation) | short | short | shift | regulation | modal split | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 268 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Higher cost of car use | Eliminate environmentally harmful subsidies | Reduce all non-sustainable subsides: Fuels (diesel, aviation fuel), infrastructure (roads, airports), vehicles (company cars), flat-rate commuter allowance | short | short | avoid | fiscal | gasoline price, public transport price | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7607 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 269 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Active mode security | Doubling assistant for freight vehicles | Doubling assistant for freight vehicles to avoid collisions with cyclists | short | medium | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 206 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 270 | Transport | Setting sector limits | Cap/reduce total transport emissions | Transport carbon budget | 5-year carbon budgets at the national level | medium | medium | general | regulation | NECP IE p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 273 | Transport | Setting sector limits | Cap/reduce total transport emissions | GHG reduction targets | Effective transport emission reduction targets for 2025 and 2030, with targets increasing exponentially. Target year 2035 climate neutrality. | medium | medium | general | regulation | German Zero p. 200 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 274 | Transport | Setting sector limits | Cap/reduce total transport emissions | ETS for transport | Cap-and-trade for transport emissions (only delayed implementation possible) | medium | medium | general | regulation | gasoline price | German Zero p. 46f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 275 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Increase multi-modality | Investments in infrastructure | Support of multi-modality through investment in infrastructure at mode nodes. | medium | medium | general | fiscal | Matthias et al. 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||||
| 276 | Transport | Reduce air transport | Limit supply | Aviation carbon tax | Support Europe-wide initiatives to introduce standardised carbon pricing in the aviation sector | medium | medium | general | economic | km of flights | NECP BE p. 105 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||||
| 277 | Transport: freight | Improve freight rail | Supportive regulatory framework | EU MS regulation harmonisation | Shifting goods to rail is more beneficial the longer the distances. Germany should lobby for a reform of the 30-year old directive 92/106/EWG and 1072/2007/EG to define "combined transport" and "closest terminal" | medium | long | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 248 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 278 | Transport: freight | Improve freight rail | Improve infrastructure | Financial support of road-rail connectivity infrastructure | Rail/road connectivity: Establish goods-shifting infrastructure at nodes for cost-efficient shift from/to road/rail. Investment in infrastructure and subsidies for interconnectivity. Example: AT | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID278 | medium | long | shift | fiscal | modal split | German Zero p. 249 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |||
| 279 | Transport: freight | Improve freight rail | Improve infrastructure | Mandatory rail connection | Industry rail connection: designate new commercial/industrial zones only with rail grid connection if high transport volume to be expected | medium | long | shift | regulation | modal split | German Zero p. 250 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 280 | Transport: freight | Reduce freight | Reduce road freight | Extend and increase freight toll | - Freight toll should cover all vehicles >3.5t and on all roads incl. buses to internalise external road costs. - differentiation of tariffs by emissions and electricity consumption - tariffs rising progressively by distance to incentivise shift to rail for longer distances - limit exemptions for EVs (only at very early market stage) - dispose of mandatory use of toll income for road construction (possibility to invest in rail/waterways) - lobby at EU level to be able to fully internalise external noise and pollution costs | medium | medium | avoid | economic | road freight price | German Zero p. 255f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 281 | Transport: freight | Reduce freight | Reduce air freight | Air freight taxation | The current air taxation only covers tickets, not freight. GZ proposes a taxation by weight or volume of air freight. | medium | medium | avoid | economic | air freight price | German Zero p. 272 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||||
| 284 | Cross-sectoral | More equal wealth and income distribution | Reduce income differences | Progressive Carbon Tax | Tax rates increase with emission levels: tax rate r=0 for annual investments with a carbon content below 5tCO2e per capita and r>0 for investments with a carbon content above this threshold. Under this schedule, the bottom 90% of the European population would not pay the tax at all; could be used to make the carbon tax regime more progressive and to raise additional revenues. | medium | medium | general | economic | Chancel (2022): Global carbon inequality over 1990–2019. In: Nature Sustainability. p. 5-6 | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00955-z | Benjamin Best | 10/2022 | |||||
| 285 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Higher network density and frequency | Network coverage standsards | Full-area covering and differentiated public transport coverage standards (as in Switzerland) | medium | long | shift | regulation | public transport network: availability of connections | SRU 2020 p. 359 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 286 | Transport | Improve public transport and multi-modality | Public transport funding | Higher national & departmental funds | Public transport capacity increases need additional funding for investments in infrastructure and higher frequencies. This requires additional funds from national level ("Gemeindefinanzierungsgesetz") and departmental/local administrations. | short | medium | shift | fiscal | public transport network: availability of connections | SRU 2020 p. 360 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 287 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling & walking | Higher national & departmental funds | Per-capita financing of local administration (funds from departments) for walking and cycling infrastructure need to be increased. In Gemany, expenses are often too low (2.3€/cap Munich, 2.3€/cap Stuttgart), compared to e.g. Amsterdam (11€/cap) or Copenhagen (35€/cap). | short | medium | shift | fiscal | modal split | SRU 2020 p. 360 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 288 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Promote cycling & walking | Quit legal prioritisation of cars over cycling/walking | Reform road traffic laws (StVO) to disincentivise car use by enabling restrictions also due to non-concrete dangers for cycling and walking (current practice) and environmental concerns, and eliminate free-floating car traffic as higher value. Road law should be complemented by a regulation to mention the target of traffic minimisation while not restricting mobility, covering all modes with a vision of zero traffic deaths and prioritising non-motorised transport modes. Reasons to enable traffic regulations (§6 Abs. 1 StVG) should include: health & environment, avoiding and reducing motorised traffic, support of local climate mitigation and adaptation, support of public transport, noise reduction. | medium | long | shift | regulation | modal split | SRU 2020 p. 366f, 372 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 289 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduce parking in public space | Parking pricing introduction and fee increase | Currently, for a general pricing of public space for parking, local authorities need to prove for every street the need for pricing with road traffic-related reasons. Availability of space, noise, emissions have been rejected as arguments for pricing. Road laws thus need reformulation to enable pricing also due to security, noise or other external effects. | short | short | shift | regulation | car ownership rate | SRU 2020 p. 369, 374 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 290 | Transport | Promotion of active modes | Active mode security | Speed limit in cities | Limit standard speed to 30km/h as instrument to increase security for active modes, enabling mode shift. Side benefits include noise reduction, energy/emission savings. If politically not possible, at least enable local administrations to more easily designate 30km/h zones, for reasons of schools, noise, security. | short | short | shift | regulation | modal split | SRU 2020 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | ||||
| 291 | Cross-sectoral | Social Innovations/Research & Development for Sufficiency | Funding for sufficiency research & consultancy | Create government institutions / intermediaries working on energy sufficiency, e.g. research, consultancy, communication | Government agencies can offer a wide array of services regarding energy sufficiency: in-house research, awarding third-party funding, communication services, monitoring, etc. | https://energysufficiency.de/en/policy-db-additional-info/#ID291 | short | medium | general | other | MURE Database | https://www.measures.odyssee-mure.eu/energy-efficiency-policies-database.html#/measures/109 | Benjamin Best | 10/2022 | ||||
| 292 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Legal framework adaption | Prioritise public transport | Prioritise public transport over motorised individual transport explicitly in road regulation (StVG, StVO). Enables e.g. bus lanes, access restrictions, public transport zones | medium | long | shift | regulation | SRU 2020 p. 374 | https://www.umweltrat.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/01_Umweltgutachten/2016_2020/2020_Umweltgutachten_Entschlossene_Umweltpolitik.pdf | Johannes Thema | 10/2022 | |||||
| 293 | Industry / Production | Exnovation | Reduce barriers (policies, legislation, cultural) for sufficiency | Ban quantity discounts | Ban quantity discounts ("buy one, get one free") | short | medium | avoid | regulation | material use | CA AT p. 74 | https://klimarat.org/wp-content/uploads/Klimarat-Endbericht-WEB.pdf | Benjamin Best | 12/2022 | ||||
| 13 | Land-use & food | Reduction of fertilizer use | Reduction of mineral fertilizer use | EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer | Emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction | medium | long | avoid | economic | kg of mineral fertilizer | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | ||||
| 15 | Land-use & food | Reduction of fertilizer use | Reduction of organic fertilizer use | Regulate maximum livestock unit per hectare | Upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm) | short | medium | avoid | regulation | livestock units per hectare, nitrogen content of soil and water | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 |