Sufficiency Policy Database for Export

Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).

Zitiervorschlag: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/

ID	Sector	Goal / policy strategy	Measure / action	Indicator	Sufficiency Type	Instrument Type		Policy Instrument	Policy Instrument Description	Time horizon implementation	Time horizon impact		Full Reference		Intro by	Intro date
ID	Sector	Goal / policy strategy	Measure / action	Indicator	Sufficiency Type	Instrument Type	Policy Instrument Hover	Policy Instrument	Policy Instrument Description	Time horizon implementation	Time horizon impact	Reference Hover	Full Reference	Reference URL	Intro by	Intro date
26	Buildings		reduce heating temperature	average °C room temperature	Avoid	information	information about energy savings by reduced heating temperatureDescription: information for household of options to reduce and effects from reducing the room heat temperature (e.g. by 1 degree 20 to 19 degree C)	information about energy savings by reduced heating temperature	information for household of options to reduce and effects from reducing the room heat temperature (e.g. by 1 degree 20 to 19 degree C)	short	short	7; 17; 10Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 118	Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 118	https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
27	Buildings		facilitate moving	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	regulation	right to exchange flatsDescription: right to exchange flats between the tenants of two different flats without rise of rent (except flats where the landlord lives in the same house with not more than two flats)	right to exchange flats	right to exchange flats between the tenants of two different flats without rise of rent (except flats where the landlord lives in the same house with not more than two flats)	short	medium	7German Zero p. 366	German Zero p. 366	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
28	Buildings		facilitate moving	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	moving bonusDescription: moving bonus in case of switching from a bigger to a smaller flat	moving bonus	moving bonus in case of switching from a bigger to a smaller flat	short	medium	7German Zero p. 367	German Zero p. 367	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
29	Buildings		facilitate moving / facilitate sub-leasing / flexibilisation of living space	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	information	moving adviceDescription: municipal advisory offices for moving, sublease and home exchange (main target group: elderly people living on more than 80m2)	moving advice	municipal advisory offices for moving, sublease and home exchange (main target group: elderly people living on more than 80m2)	medium	medium	7German Zero p. 368	German Zero p. 368	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
30	Buildings		flexibilisation of living space	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	information	advice for change of useDescription: advice from municipal advisory offices regarding building regulations for switching usage or adapting houses	advice for change of use	advice from municipal advisory offices regarding building regulations for switching usage or adapting houses	short	medium	17German Zero p. 368	German Zero p. 368	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
31	Buildings		increase use of existing buildings	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	information	monitoring vacanciesDescription: monitoring vacancies and provide concepts for intermediate use of empty buildings and areas (municipal advisory offices)	monitoring vacancies	monitoring vacancies and provide concepts for intermediate use of empty buildings and areas (municipal advisory offices)	short	medium	6German Zero p. 368	German Zero p. 368	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
32	Buildings		facilitate sub-leasing	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	fiscal relief for subleasingDescription: fiscal relief for long-term subleasing room in the own household (not for touristic subleasing)	fiscal relief for subleasing	fiscal relief for long-term subleasing room in the own household (not for touristic subleasing)	short	short	6German Zero p. 368	German Zero p. 368	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
33	Buildings		secure space for living instead of tourist sub-letting	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	regulation	protection of living space by control numbersDescription: control of sub-leasing of a flat for tourist purpose by living space protection numbers (permanent rule)	protection of living space by control numbers	control of sub-leasing of a flat for tourist purpose by living space protection numbers (permanent rule)	medium	medium	16 DE; 5German Zero p. 369	German Zero p. 369	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
34	Buildings		Secure supply of smaller flats to meet demand	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	subsidies for small flatsDescription: subsidy for municipalities when building small flats (<40qm)	subsidies for small flats	subsidy for municipalities when building small flats (<40qm)	short	medium	16 DE; 5German Zero p. 372	German Zero p. 372	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
35	Buildings		Secure supply of smaller flats to meet demand	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	Subsidy for splitting Single-Family-HousesDescription: financial subsidy for structural partitioning of single family houses under the condition of subleasing (or sale) of part of it	Subsidy for splitting Single-Family-Houses	financial subsidy for structural partitioning of single family houses under the condition of subleasing (or sale) of part of it	short	medium	16 DE; 5German Zero p. 371	German Zero p. 371	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
36	Buildings		support housing cooperatives	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	investment grants for housing cooperativesDescription: Housing cooperatives do not profit from depreciation rates like the commercial housing construction. Therefore, grants should be given at a similar level. In addition, housing cooperatives that provide significantly smaller living spaces per person compared to the regional or municipal average should receive additional grants (EnSu complement).	investment grants for housing cooperatives	Housing cooperatives do not profit from depreciation rates like the commercial housing construction. Therefore, grants should be given at a similar level. In addition, housing cooperatives that provide significantly smaller living spaces per person compared to the regional or municipal average should receive additional grants (EnSu complement).	short	medium	16 DEGerman Zero p. 373	German Zero p. 373	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
37	Buildings		support housing cooperatives	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	financial support for buying shares of housing cooperativesDescription: (Increase) subsidy/premia for buying housing coop shares.	financial support for buying shares of housing cooperatives	(Increase) subsidy/premia for buying housing coop shares.	short	medium	17German Zero p. 373	German Zero p. 373	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
38	Buildings		reward sufficient living spaces	m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space	Avoid	fiscal	bonus payment for living on small spaceDescription: bonus for having less living space (at primary residence) than regional or municipal average (also for shared living concepts)	bonus payment for living on small space	bonus for having less living space (at primary residence) than regional or municipal average (also for shared living concepts)	short	medium	10German Zero p. 373	German Zero p. 373	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
62	Buildings		limit land consumption to net-zero	land consumption m2/year	Avoid	regulation	upper limit for land consumption + allocation schemeDescription: allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities: distribution by inhabitants	upper limit for land consumption + allocation scheme	allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities: distribution by inhabitants	short	medium	16 LTGerman Zero p. 376	German Zero p. 376	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
63	Buildings		limit land consumption to net-zero	land consumption m2/year	Avoid	economic	cap-and trade system for construction areaDescription: allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities including trading scheme	cap-and trade system for construction area	allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities including trading scheme	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 376	German Zero p. 376	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
64	Buildings		reduce urban sprawl	land consumption m2/year	Avoid	regulation	Withdraw possibility for speed-up construction in exterior areasDescription: Stop speeded-up processes for buildings in exterior areas (such as no public consultation), as this is mostly used in urban localities to set up new construction areas.	Withdraw possibility for speed-up construction in exterior areas	Stop speeded-up processes for buildings in exterior areas (such as no public consultation), as this is mostly used in urban localities to set up new construction areas.	short	short	6German Zero p. 377	German Zero p. 377	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
65	Buildings		Reduce urban sprawl	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	economic	Cancellation of commuting allowanceDescription: Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. This instrument makes it less attractive to live far from the working place (esp. in the city) and can thus reduce urban sprawl. See also ID 209 (transport sector)	Cancellation of commuting allowance	Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. This instrument makes it less attractive to live far from the working place (esp. in the city) and can thus reduce urban sprawl. See also ID 209 (transport sector)	short	medium	6German Zero p. 378	German Zero p. 378	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
66	Buildings		reduce urban sprawl	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	fiscal	stopping incentives for new build single family housesDescription: example: Baukindergeld. If supporting families to get a house, support should only be for buying or renovating an old piece of real estate (Gebrauchtimmobilie) - at least 10 years old	stopping incentives for new build single family houses	example: Baukindergeld. If supporting families to get a house, support should only be for buying or renovating an old piece of real estate (Gebrauchtimmobilie) - at least 10 years old	short	medium	10; 16 LTGerman Zero p. 378	German Zero p. 378	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
67	Buildings		mobilise unused areas	m2 unused living space	Avoid	information	cadastre for unused areasDescription: mobilise unused areas within the building stock by recording them in a cadastre (law on national level obliges municipalities)	cadastre for unused areas	mobilise unused areas within the building stock by recording them in a cadastre (law on national level obliges municipalities)	medium	medium	6German Zero p. 379	German Zero p. 379	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
68	Buildings		protect existing living space	m2 unused living space	Avoid	regulation	prohibition of misuse of living spaceDescription: intensifying the prohibition of misuse (vacancy, demolition, conversion to commercial use, tourist accommodations, and structural alterations) that prevents usage of living space	prohibition of misuse of living space	intensifying the prohibition of misuse (vacancy, demolition, conversion to commercial use, tourist accommodations, and structural alterations) that prevents usage of living space	short	short	16 SIGerman Zero p. 379	German Zero p. 379	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
69	Buildings		vertical densification	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	fiscal	tax advantages for vertical densificationDescription: support vertical densification by tax advantages (e.g. increase depreciation percentage	tax advantages for vertical densification	support vertical densification by tax advantages (e.g. increase depreciation percentage	short	medium	16 BEGerman Zero p. 380	German Zero p. 380	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
70	Buildings		vertical densification	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	regulation	reduce approval requirements for house-top story additionDescription: facilitate house-top storey addition for new living space by less approval requirements - e.g no approval procedure is necessary, there is not requirement to include a lift etc.	reduce approval requirements for house-top story addition	facilitate house-top storey addition for new living space by less approval requirements - e.g no approval procedure is necessary, there is not requirement to include a lift etc.	short	medium	16 ESeGerman Zero p. 380	German Zero p. 380	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
71	Buildings		vertical densification	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	fiscal	support scheme for roof extensionsDescription: house-top storey addition: investment support + incentives for energy efficient building	support scheme for roof extensions	house-top storey addition: investment support + incentives for energy efficient building	short	medium	1; 16 AT, BE, DE, GR, FR, NL, LT, ES, PT, LU, SKGerman Zero p. 381	German Zero p. 381	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
74	Buildings		flexibilisation of usage	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	regulation	designing development plans with diverse and mixed useDescription: To support redensification and the city of short distances, the conversion of e.g. office space to residential space is facilitated.	designing development plans with diverse and mixed use	To support redensification and the city of short distances, the conversion of e.g. office space to residential space is facilitated.	short	medium	5German Zero p. 383	German Zero p. 383	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
75	Buildings		flexibilisation of usage	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	fiscal	loans for conversion to living spaceDescription: promotional loans for conversion to living space in cities	loans for conversion to living space	promotional loans for conversion to living space in cities	short	medium	19German Zero p. 383	German Zero p. 383	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
76	Buildings		reduce need for parking space	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space	Avoid	regulation	abolish obligation for car parking spacesDescription: abolish the need for parking spaces in front of buildings except for disabled people and bikes; more place for buildings, green area etc.	abolish obligation for car parking spaces	abolish the need for parking spaces in front of buildings except for disabled people and bikes; more place for buildings, green area etc.	short	medium	17German Zero p. 384	German Zero p. 384	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
77	Buildings		reduce need for parking space	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space	Avoid	regulation	abolish priviliges for underground parking spacesDescription: no priviliges for underground parking space in the construction planning law	abolish priviliges for underground parking spaces	no priviliges for underground parking space in the construction planning law	short	medium	10German Zero p. 384	German Zero p. 384	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
78	Buildings		reduce demolition of living space, increase renovation rate, upcycling/circularity/lifecycle emissions	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area	Avoid	regulation	introduction of a wrecking permitDescription: wrecking permit is only granted if the CO2-balance of an energetic renovation is worse than replacement construction	introduction of a wrecking permit	wrecking permit is only granted if the CO2-balance of an energetic renovation is worse than replacement construction	short	medium	10German Zero p. 385	German Zero p. 385	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
80	Buildings		support inner-city green areas	m3 green/m2 city area	Avoid	regulation	determine green area factor for city planningDescription: For city planning, a certain factor has to be met, e.g. average green volume (m3) per area (m2). This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl.	determine green area factor for city planning	For city planning, a certain factor has to be met, e.g. average green volume (m3) per area (m2). This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl.	short	long	10German Zero p. 386	German Zero p. 386	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
81	Buildings		support inner-city green areas	m3 green/m2 city area	Avoid	fiscal	social just distribution of green areas in citiesDescription: Green areas should be especially added in districts with high poverty and few green areas, thus introducing a mechanism that introduces more green areas where people with lower income or smaller living space per person life. This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl.	social just distribution of green areas in cities	Green areas should be especially added in districts with high poverty and few green areas, thus introducing a mechanism that introduces more green areas where people with lower income or smaller living space per person life. This is a supportive measure for high-quality inner-city living preventing urban sprawl.	medium	long	10German Zero p. 386	German Zero p. 386	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
85	Buildings		training push for need-based buildings	energy and resource intensity of construction material, energy intensity of new buildings	Avoid	education	training offensive for existing buildingsDescription: With declining new construction activity, more craftsmen can be recruited for energy-efficient refurbishment and construction in existing buildings. The chambers of crafts should therefore offer appropriate training and retraining measures, including courses on building with renewable and natural building materials.	training offensive for existing buildings	With declining new construction activity, more craftsmen can be recruited for energy-efficient refurbishment and construction in existing buildings. The chambers of crafts should therefore offer appropriate training and retraining measures, including courses on building with renewable and natural building materials.	short	long	10German Zero p. 388	German Zero p. 388	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Frauke Wiese	01/2022
87	Buildings		training push for need-based buildings	land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, m2 unused living space	Avoid	education	training offensive for existing buildingsDescription: Training content must be changed away from new construction and towards the preservation, renovation and conversion of existing buildings. In particular, conversion measures for sufficent housing should be taught (EnSu complement).	training offensive for existing buildings	Training content must be changed away from new construction and towards the preservation, renovation and conversion of existing buildings. In particular, conversion measures for sufficent housing should be taught (EnSu complement).	medium	long	10German Zero p. 388	German Zero p. 388	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Luisa Cordroch	08/2022
137	Buildings		increase energy efficiency + reduce energy service consumption	TWh	Avoid	information	consumer consulting and educationDescription: State actors and energy suppliers make agreements on consumer education and consulting	consumer consulting and education	State actors and energy suppliers make agreements on consumer education and consulting	medium	medium	10NECP LT p. 143	NECP LT p. 143	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
138	Buildings		subsidise energy savings	TWh	Avoid	fiscal	energy savings feed-in tariffsDescription: The basic idea is to offer a fixed price subsidy for each unit of energy saved, which would incentivise households to save energy.	energy savings feed-in tariffs	The basic idea is to offer a fixed price subsidy for each unit of energy saved, which would incentivise households to save energy.	medium	medium	10Friends of the Earth Europe 2018	Friends of the Earth Europe 2018	http://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/resource_use/2018/foee_sufficiency_booklet.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
139	Buildings		information campaigns, energy audits and consultation	TWh	Avoid	information	information campaignsDescription: Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, there have been information campaigns trying to stimulate consumers to reduce energy consumption. Information campaigns can take several different forms from general advertisement campaigns (e.g. TV ads) to specific and tailored information provided to specific groups of end-users. When individuals are informed about their own energy use and given advice on how to lower their consumption, information campaigns are most effective. More targeted campaigns may have more success, but still the energy saving they generate fade way over time.	information campaigns	Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, there have been information campaigns trying to stimulate consumers to reduce energy consumption. Information campaigns can take several different forms from general advertisement campaigns (e.g. TV ads) to specific and tailored information provided to specific groups of end-users. When individuals are informed about their own energy use and given advice on how to lower their consumption, information campaigns are most effective. More targeted campaigns may have more success, but still the energy saving they generate fade way over time.	medium	medium	10Bertoldi 2017	Bertoldi 2017	http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=7	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
140	Buildings		providing individuals with comparisons with their peers’ energy use	TWh	Avoid	information	peer energy comparison Description: The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high.	peer energy comparison	The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high.	medium	medium	10Bertoldi 2017	Bertoldi 2017	http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=8	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
141	Buildings		prepaid metering	TWh	Avoid	regulation	pre-paid meteringDescription: Instead of paying monthly charges, which are only billed at the end of the year, customers top up their credit for energy in advance. Policymakers could require utilities to offer a prepaid tariff. A smart meter is a suitable hardware for prepaid metering.	pre-paid metering	Instead of paying monthly charges, which are only billed at the end of the year, customers top up their credit for energy in advance. Policymakers could require utilities to offer a prepaid tariff. A smart meter is a suitable hardware for prepaid metering.	medium	medium	10Best & Wagner 2020 p. 74-77	Best & Wagner 2020 p. 74-77	https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/7610/file/7610_Best.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
88	cross-sectoral		Accept a steady state of the economy, rollback of growth policy - No growth of the national economy, from 2030: average zero growth, post-growth	GDP	General	not specified	introduce beyond-GDP measurementDescription: Policymakers should look beyond GDP when making decisions and assessments, taking a broader view to include, for example, indicators of health, education and the ecological footprint. There are already many existing measures that include these factors, such as the wellbeing index implemented in Scotland and New Zealand.	introduce beyond-GDP measurement	Policymakers should look beyond GDP when making decisions and assessments, taking a broader view to include, for example, indicators of health, education and the ecological footprint. There are already many existing measures that include these factors, such as the wellbeing index implemented in Scotland and New Zealand.	medium	medium	10UBA GreenSupreme p. 199, 379; Jackson 2013	UBA GreenSupreme p. 199, 379; Jackson 2013	https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/transformationsprozess-treibhausgasneutrales-ressourcenschonendes-deutschland-greensupreme	Benjamin Best	01/2022
89	cross-sectoral		Better incentives by fuel taxation reform		Shift	economic	inflation indexingDescription: Absolute tax-levels should be indexed to avoid devaluation of taxes (as DK, NL, SE)	inflation indexing	Absolute tax-levels should be indexed to avoid devaluation of taxes (as DK, NL, SE)	short	short	10German Zero p. 223	German Zero p. 223	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
90	cross-sectoral		Information in education		General	education	Climate-related curriculaDescription: Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes	Climate-related curricula	Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes	medium	long	10NECP LT p. 92	NECP LT p. 92	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
91	cross-sectoral		More energy savings in companies	energy use of companies	Avoid	fiscal	reduced energy subsidies for companiesDescription: reduced energy subsidies for companies	reduced energy subsidies for companies	reduced energy subsidies for companies	short	short	10NECP EE p. 169	NECP EE p. 169	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
92	cross-sectoral		decarbonise the economy and society	CO2 emissions	General	economic	carbon pricingDescription: trajectory of carbon pricing to induce behavioural change and avoid locking in of carbon intensive technologies	carbon pricing	trajectory of carbon pricing to induce behavioural change and avoid locking in of carbon intensive technologies	medium	medium	10NECP IE	NECP IE	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
93	cross-sectoral		decarbonise the economy and society	CO2 emissions	General	economic	carbon taxDescription: fiscal neutral green tax reform; CO2 tax introduction with average price of neighbour countries	carbon tax	fiscal neutral green tax reform; CO2 tax introduction with average price of neighbour countries	medium	medium	10NECPs: BE (A) p. 129, SE p. 41, 76ff, PT p. 86, FI p. 18, 88, EE p. 88, CY p. 110, LU p. 61, DK p. 79, LV p. 109, SI p. 76	NECPs: BE (A) p. 129, SE p. 41, 76ff, PT p. 86, FI p. 18, 88, EE p. 88, CY p. 110, LU p. 61, DK p. 79, LV p. 109, SI p. 76	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
94	cross-sectoral		decarbonise the heat and transport sector	CO2 emissions	General	economic	carbon tax for heat and transportDescription: Carbon tax for heat and transport (= non-ETS) sectors	carbon tax for heat and transport	Carbon tax for heat and transport (= non-ETS) sectors	short	medium	10NECPs: DE p. 241, HR p. 83, AT p. 171	NECPs: DE p. 241, HR p. 83, AT p. 171	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
95	cross-sectoral		support low-carbon products	CO2 emissions	General	economic	tax incentives for low-carbon productsDescription: tax incentives for low-carbon products e.g. for soft mobility and use of modes of transport other than private cars (walking, cycling, public transport)	tax incentives for low-carbon products	tax incentives for low-carbon products e.g. for soft mobility and use of modes of transport other than private cars (walking, cycling, public transport)	short	short	10NECPs: PT p. 86, BE p. 104, 106	NECPs: PT p. 86, BE p. 104, 106	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
96	cross-sectoral		keep cumulated CO2 emissions below a set target	CO2 emissions	General	regulation	national 5-year carbon budgetDescription: Ireland will adopt five-year carbon budgets at the national level following recommendations by a strengthened, statutorily independent Climate Action Council. Three five-year budgets (i.e. up to 2035 in the first instance) would be approved by the Government and by the Dáil. In addition, the Government is proposing to set target ranges and trajectories for each sector within the overall carbon budget. It is proposed that considerations, such as distributional effects and cost effectiveness, will be taken into account in the establishment of budgets and target ranges on the basis of criteria to be set out in the legislation. The governance of the plan will follow the approach successfully applied in the Action Plan for Jobs. A very detailed list of actions and measures are assigned at Department level and implementation will be monitored and reported on a quarterly basis under the supervision of the Department of the Taoiseach.	national 5-year carbon budget	Ireland will adopt five-year carbon budgets at the national level following recommendations by a strengthened, statutorily independent Climate Action Council. Three five-year budgets (i.e. up to 2035 in the first instance) would be approved by the Government and by the Dáil. In addition, the Government is proposing to set target ranges and trajectories for each sector within the overall carbon budget. It is proposed that considerations, such as distributional effects and cost effectiveness, will be taken into account in the establishment of budgets and target ranges on the basis of criteria to be set out in the legislation. The governance of the plan will follow the approach successfully applied in the Action Plan for Jobs. A very detailed list of actions and measures are assigned at Department level and implementation will be monitored and reported on a quarterly basis under the supervision of the Department of the Taoiseach.	medium	medium	10NECP IE p. 74	NECP IE p. 74	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
97	cross-sectoral		less energy and electricity use	energy and electricity use	General	economic	energy and electricity taxation reformDescription: energy and electricity taxation reform	energy and electricity taxation reform	energy and electricity taxation reform	short	short	10NECPs: DE p. 240, SE p. 41, 76ff, FI p. 18, 88, DK p. 79	NECPs: DE p. 240, SE p. 41, 76ff, FI p. 18, 88, DK p. 79	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
98	cross-sectoral		sensibilisation of citizens	reduced energy service demand	General	information	information campaign for a low-carbon economyDescription: Awareness raising and information campaigns towards a low-carbon economy and climate-friendly lifestyles	information campaign for a low-carbon economy	Awareness raising and information campaigns towards a low-carbon economy and climate-friendly lifestyles	short	short	10NECPs: DE p. 78, PT p. 58, LV p. 106	NECPs: DE p. 78, PT p. 58, LV p. 106	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
99	cross-sectoral		climate-friendly behaviour of tourists & infrastructure of tourism sector	energy use	General	information	instrument mix of information and awareness componentsDescription: Information and awareness programmes will be launched for both tourists and Greek tourism and catering professionals through specific tools, such as the development of targeted energy inspections, the establishment of energy and environmental footprint criteria and reporting on certification and energy signalling schemes	instrument mix of information and awareness components	Information and awareness programmes will be launched for both tourists and Greek tourism and catering professionals through specific tools, such as the development of targeted energy inspections, the establishment of energy and environmental footprint criteria and reporting on certification and energy signalling schemes	short	short	10NECP GR p. 225	NECP GR p. 225	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
100	cross-sectoral		decarbonise electricity production	emission factor of electricity production	General	economic	levies on energy productsDescription: increase levies on energy products used for producing electricity	levies on energy products	increase levies on energy products used for producing electricity	short	short	10NECP IT p. 138	NECP IT p. 138	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
101	cross-sectoral		make environmentally damaging activities more expensive	reduced energy service demand	General	fiscal	cut back environmentally damaging subsidiesDescription: cut back environmentally damaging subsidies	cut back environmentally damaging subsidies	cut back environmentally damaging subsidies	short	short	10NECPs: IT p. 170f, PT p. 86, PL p. 118, SI p. 76	NECPs: IT p. 170f, PT p. 86, PL p. 118, SI p. 76	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
102	cross-sectoral		no subsidies for environmentally damaging activities anymore	reduced energy service demand	General	fiscal	abolish environmentally damaging subsidiesDescription: abolish environmentally damaging subsidies	abolish environmentally damaging subsidies	abolish environmentally damaging subsidies	short	short	10NECP LT p. 131	NECP LT p. 131	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
103	cross-sectoral		Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes	climate-related issues in curricula	General	education	climate-related educationDescription: climate-related education	climate-related education	climate-related education	medium	long	10NECPs: LT p. 92, PT p. 58, LU p. 66	NECPs: LT p. 92, PT p. 58, LU p. 66	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
104	cross-sectoral		reduce HFC emissions	HFC emissions	General	economic	HFC taxDescription: HFC tax	HFC tax	HFC tax	short	short	10NECP FR p. 85	NECP FR p. 85	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
105	cross-sectoral		decarbonise municipalities and companies	GHG emissions of municipalities and companies	General	other	municipal and company low-carbon plans incl. emission reportingDescription: Develop low-carbon plans and strategies by municipalities and companies including transparent calculation and reporting of GHG emissions at a local level and at companies	municipal and company low-carbon plans incl. emission reporting	Develop low-carbon plans and strategies by municipalities and companies including transparent calculation and reporting of GHG emissions at a local level and at companies	medium	long	10NECP PT p. 65	NECP PT p. 65	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
106	cross-sectoral		strengthen local energy and climate agencies		General	information	build-up or strenghten energy and climate agenciesDescription: Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors	build-up or strenghten energy and climate agencies	Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors	medium	medium	10NECP PT p. 66	NECP PT p. 66	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
107	cross-sectoral		incentivise end-use savings	kWh electricity used	General	economic	progressive electricity tariffsDescription: Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases.	progressive electricity tariffs	Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases.	medium	medium	10NECP MT p. 82	NECP MT p. 82	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
108	cross-sectoral		foster ecology and circular economy issues in the local quarter		General	not specified	finance local quarter ecology and circular economy administratorsDescription: publicly financed local quarter administrators for fostering ecology and circular economy issues	finance local quarter ecology and circular economy administrators	publicly financed local quarter administrators for fostering ecology and circular economy issues	medium	medium	10NECP LU p. 141	NECP LU p. 141	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
109	cross-sectoral		promotion of energy savings	kWh consumed energy	General	information	informational measures on energy saving measures for consumersDescription: Consumer information and training programmes: Electricity retails publish on their websites energy saving tips; companies have consultants on energy efficiency to help customers reduce their energy consumption without expensive investments and complex repairs; the measure is supported by regional and local governments countrywide. The initiatives envisage the establishment of consumer councils, organising consumer days and a number of campaigns in regional and municipal centres where customers can learn how to save energy.	informational measures on energy saving measures for consumers	Consumer information and training programmes: Electricity retails publish on their websites energy saving tips; companies have consultants on energy efficiency to help customers reduce their energy consumption without expensive investments and complex repairs; the measure is supported by regional and local governments countrywide. The initiatives envisage the establishment of consumer councils, organising consumer days and a number of campaigns in regional and municipal centres where customers can learn how to save energy.	short	short	10NECP BG p. 135	NECP BG p. 135	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
111	cross-sectoral		Ban on externalisation of environmental and social costs as unfair competition		General	regulation	Include Allmende in Corporate LawDescription: Inclusion of externalization in competition and corporate law. Externalization is included in the Unfair Competition Act (UWG). A new paragraph 12 in Section 4 UWG could state: a person acts unfairly (and can therefore be sued by a competitor for relief) if he gains a competitive advantage by omitting to take measures that are necessary to preserve a common good that he uses.	Include Allmende in Corporate Law	Inclusion of externalization in competition and corporate law. Externalization is included in the Unfair Competition Act (UWG). A new paragraph 12 in Section 4 UWG could state: a person acts unfairly (and can therefore be sued by a competitor for relief) if he gains a competitive advantage by omitting to take measures that are necessary to preserve a common good that he uses.	medium	medium	UBA GreenSupreme; 11Scherhorn 2012	Scherhorn 2012	https://band1.dieweltdercommons.de/essays/gerhard-scherhorn-die-welt-als-allmende-fur-ein-gemeingutersensitives-wettbewerbsrecht/#fnref-580-5	Benjamin Best	01/2022
112	cross-sectoral		Implementation of gift taxes (beyond a certain base amount)		General	economic	Gift TaxDescription: Gift taxes are political instruments that place a burden on the transfer of wealth. They can minimise social patterns of wealth formation related to inheritance rather than individual achievements. The implementation of gift taxes can increase distributive justice, which would in turn lead to increased equality of opportunity.	Gift Tax	Gift taxes are political instruments that place a burden on the transfer of wealth. They can minimise social patterns of wealth formation related to inheritance rather than individual achievements. The implementation of gift taxes can increase distributive justice, which would in turn lead to increased equality of opportunity.	short	short	10Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
113	cross-sectoral		Research funds for nutrition, living, mobility, and the quality of life in cities		General	research and development	R&D Good LifeDescription: In order to understand what is important for a good life and how this can be achieved in a sustainable way, all political levels can step up research in this area with additional funding.	R&D Good Life	In order to understand what is important for a good life and how this can be achieved in a sustainable way, all political levels can step up research in this area with additional funding.	medium	long	16 LTSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
114	cross-sectoral		Incentives for regional governments to provide basic goods as commons	regional products	Shift	fiscal	local & regional commonsDescription: The EU and member states transfer (financial) incentives to local governments to provide essential basic services/common goods that enable wellbeing and social prosperity (e.g. electricity, public transport, housing and access to nature).	local & regional commons	The EU and member states transfer (financial) incentives to local governments to provide essential basic services/common goods that enable wellbeing and social prosperity (e.g. electricity, public transport, housing and access to nature).	short	medium	16 EESustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
115	cross-sectoral		Common trusts / "Sky Trust"		Shift	regulation	Common trustsDescription: A commons trust is a legal entity responsible for protecting a shared asset. Because it is common property, the commons are insulated from any claims by private individuals, business, government or other trusts. Trustees appointed by the stakeholders undertake legal and fiscal responsibility for the long-term preservation, use or production of commons. Many types of commons can be managed with trusts (such as land, air, water) to benefit the public as a whole and future generations. The commons trust concept builds on the cap-and-dividend idea and implies that resources like land, air, water are commonly shared and that depleting them comes at a cost. The more that is used or polluted, the higher the price of an additional “right to use/pollute” unit. This not only provides financial incentives to protect environmental resources but also has a social component: the returns can either be invested in the common good or distributed equally among citizens. Consumers with resource-intensive lifestyles pay more than they receive, while those who cultivate sustainable lifestyles (i.e. primarily low-income earners) receive money.	Common trusts	A commons trust is a legal entity responsible for protecting a shared asset. Because it is common property, the commons are insulated from any claims by private individuals, business, government or other trusts. Trustees appointed by the stakeholders undertake legal and fiscal responsibility for the long-term preservation, use or production of commons. Many types of commons can be managed with trusts (such as land, air, water) to benefit the public as a whole and future generations. The commons trust concept builds on the cap-and-dividend idea and implies that resources like land, air, water are commonly shared and that depleting them comes at a cost. The more that is used or polluted, the higher the price of an additional “right to use/pollute” unit. This not only provides financial incentives to protect environmental resources but also has a social component: the returns can either be invested in the common good or distributed equally among citizens. Consumers with resource-intensive lifestyles pay more than they receive, while those who cultivate sustainable lifestyles (i.e. primarily low-income earners) receive money.	short	short	16 IESustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
116	cross-sectoral		Introduction of democratic commons		General	other	Democratic commonsDescription: Introducing democratic commons means reorganising the property that belongs to society as a whole. This could take place democratically via an executive committee consisting of representatives of authorities, employees, users, equal opportunity officers and lawyers. Democratic commons is a category of property in society, e.g. universities, schools, public utilities, railways, post offices, banks and kindergartens.	Democratic commons	Introducing democratic commons means reorganising the property that belongs to society as a whole. This could take place democratically via an executive committee consisting of representatives of authorities, employees, users, equal opportunity officers and lawyers. Democratic commons is a category of property in society, e.g. universities, schools, public utilities, railways, post offices, banks and kindergartens.	medium	medium	16 BEa, SE, PT, FI, EE, CY, LU, DK, LV, SISustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
117	cross-sectoral		Ban on environmentally damaging investments	GDP	General	regulation	Prohibit environmentally harmful investmentsDescription: Many environmentally harmful activities are financed by investments from the financial sector. Ministries of Finance and Environment can provide guidance to market participants by prohibiting investments that harm the environment, helping reallocate money towards sustainable investments. Therefore, a catalogue would have to be drawn up, which defines from when on which kind of investments are prohibited or regulated.	Prohibit environmentally harmful investments	Many environmentally harmful activities are financed by investments from the financial sector. Ministries of Finance and Environment can provide guidance to market participants by prohibiting investments that harm the environment, helping reallocate money towards sustainable investments. Therefore, a catalogue would have to be drawn up, which defines from when on which kind of investments are prohibited or regulated.	medium	medium	16 DE, HR, AT Sustainable Prosperity DatabaseSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
118	cross-sectoral		Tax benefits for sustainable tourism industry and strengthening of local tourism	pkm	Avoid	fiscal	Tax benefits local tourismDescription: The EU member states need fo find measures such as taxes or environmental standards for the tourism industry to include environmental costs in the price of tourism-related services. At the same time regional and local tourism need to be revalorised and promoted.	Tax benefits local tourism	The EU member states need fo find measures such as taxes or environmental standards for the tourism industry to include environmental costs in the price of tourism-related services. At the same time regional and local tourism need to be revalorised and promoted.	medium	medium	16 PT, BESustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
119	cross-sectoral		Condition regional development funding to the respect of public space quotas	% of non-commercial public space	General	fiscal	Condition funding to public space quotasDescription: Regional development funding of the EU should be linked to regulations, which require a minimum space of public space free of compulsion to buy. This could be parks or librarys.	Condition funding to public space quotas	Regional development funding of the EU should be linked to regulations, which require a minimum space of public space free of compulsion to buy. This could be parks or librarys.	short	medium	16 IESustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
120	cross-sectoral		Regulation of online marketing	number of products	Avoid	regulation	Restrict online marketingDescription: A selective ban on advertising allows to restrict personalized online advertising, pricing and situational marketing. Especially regulations on the evaluation and use of online movement profiles are recommended to restrict the manipulation of consumers and the generation of needs to stimulate consumption. This regulation is important to protect personal data and to reduce redundant consumption.	Restrict online marketing	A selective ban on advertising allows to restrict personalized online advertising, pricing and situational marketing. Especially regulations on the evaluation and use of online movement profiles are recommended to restrict the manipulation of consumers and the generation of needs to stimulate consumption. This regulation is important to protect personal data and to reduce redundant consumption.	short	short	16 DE, SE, FI, DKSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
121	cross-sectoral		Reduction of fossil fuel subsidies	fossil fuels	Avoid	fiscal	Reduce subsidies for fossil fuelsDescription: Fossil fuel is still highly subsidised in the EU member states – take the low taxes on air traffic, for example. This stands in stark contrast to decarbonisation goal. Reducing environmentally harmful subsidies is a pivotal step towards decarbonisation and has been demanded for many years. To soften the negative social side effects on low-income groups and simultaneously promote sustainable alternatives, the freed-up financial resources can be used for tax breaks on areas like public transportation or may be fully or partly reimbursed to the population.	Reduce subsidies for fossil fuels	Fossil fuel is still highly subsidised in the EU member states – take the low taxes on air traffic, for example. This stands in stark contrast to decarbonisation goal. Reducing environmentally harmful subsidies is a pivotal step towards decarbonisation and has been demanded for many years. To soften the negative social side effects on low-income groups and simultaneously promote sustainable alternatives, the freed-up financial resources can be used for tax breaks on areas like public transportation or may be fully or partly reimbursed to the population.	short	short	16 DE, PT, LVSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
122	cross-sectoral		Sustainability education		General	education	Sustainability educationDescription: Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels by emphasising human dependence on natural resources, climate change, sustainable life and wellbeing in different forms and levels of education.	Sustainability education	Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels by emphasising human dependence on natural resources, climate change, sustainable life and wellbeing in different forms and levels of education.	short	medium	16 GRSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
123	cross-sectoral		Transformation of the EU's Stability and Growth Pact into a Stability and Welfare Agreement	alt. welfare indices, GDP/material throughput as model input	General	other	EU Stability and Welfare AgreementDescription: This transformation was also proposed by more than 200 researchers in September 2018. The new agreement would not define economic growth as a policy objective, but focus on welfare measures instead of GDP and allow the role of public funding to increase ecological sustainability.	EU Stability and Welfare Agreement	This transformation was also proposed by more than 200 researchers in September 2018. The new agreement would not define economic growth as a policy objective, but focus on welfare measures instead of GDP and allow the role of public funding to increase ecological sustainability.	medium	medium	16 ITSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
124	cross-sectoral		Limitation of illumination	TWh	Avoid	regulation	Regulation of night-time outdoor lightingDescription: Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels at night due to artificial light. It is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation, impacting animal activity, inhibiting photosynthesis, and thus threatening ecosystems at large. It is recommended that unnecessary lighting, such as the illumination of buildings, advertisements and shop windows, be banned or at least limited. In addition to protecting the ecosphere, it also offers the opportunity to save substantial amounts of energy.	Regulation of night-time outdoor lighting	Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels at night due to artificial light. It is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation, impacting animal activity, inhibiting photosynthesis, and thus threatening ecosystems at large. It is recommended that unnecessary lighting, such as the illumination of buildings, advertisements and shop windows, be banned or at least limited. In addition to protecting the ecosphere, it also offers the opportunity to save substantial amounts of energy.	short	short	16 IT, PT, PL, SISustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
125	cross-sectoral		Support social innovations		General	fiscal	Regulatory framework, subsidies, R&D support for social innovationsDescription: Social innovations play a key role in the transformation towards sustainable prosperity in Europe. They successively introduce and establish new forms of environmentally friendly and fair business, as well as sustainable lifestyles. The EU and its member states can actively support existing and future pioneers, including social enterprises, commons initiatives and ecovillages, by creating an enabling administrative, economic and legal environment. A promosing instrument would be the provision of financial help.	Regulatory framework, subsidies, R&D support for social innovations	Social innovations play a key role in the transformation towards sustainable prosperity in Europe. They successively introduce and establish new forms of environmentally friendly and fair business, as well as sustainable lifestyles. The EU and its member states can actively support existing and future pioneers, including social enterprises, commons initiatives and ecovillages, by creating an enabling administrative, economic and legal environment. A promosing instrument would be the provision of financial help.	short	short	16 LTSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
126	cross-sectoral		Increase of the top tax rate to 100% for income above 20 times the minimum wage		Avoid	economic	Set upper income limit (by taxation)Description: States can introduce a top tax rate of 100 per cent linked to the minimum wage. It would effectively serve as an income cap, as the entire additional amount earned would have to go to the state and set a maximum income gap. Increasing the tax rates for top earners will be particularly relevant to counteract luxury consumption, inflated salaries and perverse incentives of the financial sector.	Set upper income limit (by taxation)	States can introduce a top tax rate of 100 per cent linked to the minimum wage. It would effectively serve as an income cap, as the entire additional amount earned would have to go to the state and set a maximum income gap. Increasing the tax rates for top earners will be particularly relevant to counteract luxury consumption, inflated salaries and perverse incentives of the financial sector.	short	short	16 LT, PT, LUSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
127	cross-sectoral		Maximum pay differentials		Avoid	economic	Maximum Pay Differential by income taxationDescription: Multiple studies have found that citizens in more unequal societies reported lower wellbeing than people in more equal societies. Besides, highly unequal societies tend to fall apart. A maximum pay differential is a form of progressive income taxation and similar to a maximum wage. By tackling income inequality, the chances of achieving individual wellbeing can be increased.	Maximum Pay Differential by income taxation	Multiple studies have found that citizens in more unequal societies reported lower wellbeing than people in more equal societies. Besides, highly unequal societies tend to fall apart. A maximum pay differential is a form of progressive income taxation and similar to a maximum wage. By tackling income inequality, the chances of achieving individual wellbeing can be increased.	short	short	16 FRSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
128	cross-sectoral		Progressive income taxes		Avoid	economic	Progressive Income TaxDescription: Progressive taxes impose a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with higher incomes, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay. Progressive tax systems reduce the tax burden on people who can least afford to pay them and allow people with the greatest amount of resources to fund a greater portion of the services all people and businesses rely on.	Progressive Income Tax	Progressive taxes impose a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with higher incomes, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay. Progressive tax systems reduce the tax burden on people who can least afford to pay them and allow people with the greatest amount of resources to fund a greater portion of the services all people and businesses rely on.	short	short	16 PTSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
129	cross-sectoral		Fund of research for sufficiency solutions		General	research and development	R&D for sufficiencyDescription: Despite the great potential of sufficiency strategies, not much attention is currently paid to this topic. Increased funding of research by the EU and member states in the field of sufficiency solutions, lifestyle changes and their potential for sustainability would be worthwhile.	R&D for sufficiency	Despite the great potential of sufficiency strategies, not much attention is currently paid to this topic. Increased funding of research by the EU and member states in the field of sufficiency solutions, lifestyle changes and their potential for sustainability would be worthwhile.	medium	long	16 PTSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
130	cross-sectoral		Inheritance taxes		Avoid	economic	Inheritance taxesDescription: The ability to keep one's wealth within a family reproduces inequality. This creates path-dependencies which promote unequal distribution of income and power positions. In order to break through these path-depedencies and create "equal starting positions" within the economic sphere, it is recommended to increase the inheritance tax and the charge on lifetime gifts to about 45 %. The inheritance tax can be used to create additional government revenues.	Inheritance taxes	The ability to keep one's wealth within a family reproduces inequality. This creates path-dependencies which promote unequal distribution of income and power positions. In order to break through these path-depedencies and create "equal starting positions" within the economic sphere, it is recommended to increase the inheritance tax and the charge on lifetime gifts to about 45 %. The inheritance tax can be used to create additional government revenues.	short	short	16 MTSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
131	cross-sectoral		Legal and tariff agreements to set caps on working hours		General	regulation	Caps on working hoursDescription: Unemployment is often cited as the central reason for the economy's dependence on growth. A cap on working hours, implemented through legal and tariff agreements by member states, can better distribute working time and decrease unemployment while improving wellbeing and health.	Caps on working hours	Unemployment is often cited as the central reason for the economy's dependence on growth. A cap on working hours, implemented through legal and tariff agreements by member states, can better distribute working time and decrease unemployment while improving wellbeing and health.	short	short	16 LUSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
132	cross-sectoral		Minimum holiday entitlement		General	regulation	Minimum holiday entitlementDescription: Minimum holiday entitlements is a means to reduce working time. Working time reduction decreases unemployment: Due to the ongoing technical progress, people are replaced by machines. Reducing working time enables a wider range of people to have access to work. In addition, within the last decades, productivity has increased, which means that more goods can be produced in a shorter time. However, this also leads to an increase in resource consumption and waste emissions. Besides environmental protection, wellbeing can also be improved through working time reduction. Minimum holiday entitlements set an incentive to reduce paid work per year.	Minimum holiday entitlement	Minimum holiday entitlements is a means to reduce working time. Working time reduction decreases unemployment: Due to the ongoing technical progress, people are replaced by machines. Reducing working time enables a wider range of people to have access to work. In addition, within the last decades, productivity has increased, which means that more goods can be produced in a shorter time. However, this also leads to an increase in resource consumption and waste emissions. Besides environmental protection, wellbeing can also be improved through working time reduction. Minimum holiday entitlements set an incentive to reduce paid work per year.	short	short	16 BGSustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
133	cross-sectoral		Financial Incentives for working time reduction		General	fiscal	Fin. incentive for lower working timesDescription: income taxation structure progressive with working hours	Fin. incentive for lower working times	income taxation structure progressive with working hours	short	short	18Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
134	cross-sectoral		Lowering and flexibilization of retirement age		General	regulation	Lower retirement ageDescription: Governments can facilitate a reduction in working time by providing individuals with high levels of control over their own time. Introducing and promoting options and financial facilities for an earlier retirement age is one possible measure. A complementary option would be the institutionalisation of flexible retirement, i.e. offering the opportunity to either gradually phase-out or stay on the job for a longer time than formally required. Overall, reducing working time enables more people to have access to work and may improve health and wellbeing.	Lower retirement age	Governments can facilitate a reduction in working time by providing individuals with high levels of control over their own time. Introducing and promoting options and financial facilities for an earlier retirement age is one possible measure. A complementary option would be the institutionalisation of flexible retirement, i.e. offering the opportunity to either gradually phase-out or stay on the job for a longer time than formally required. Overall, reducing working time enables more people to have access to work and may improve health and wellbeing.	medium	medium	19Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
135	cross-sectoral		Agree with unions and companies on a four-day work week		General	other	Four-day work weekDescription: States, perhaps in cooperation with labour unions, could pass legislation or set incentives for companies to limit working days to four, or to reduce working hours (to around 30, for example). In the meantime, companies could move to lower their work hours independently, as has been done by organisations like Perpetual Guardian and Wildbit. Lower working hours reduce stress, increase employee health and happiness – and can even increase productivity.	Four-day work week	States, perhaps in cooperation with labour unions, could pass legislation or set incentives for companies to limit working days to four, or to reduce working hours (to around 30, for example). In the meantime, companies could move to lower their work hours independently, as has been done by organisations like Perpetual Guardian and Wildbit. Lower working hours reduce stress, increase employee health and happiness – and can even increase productivity.	short	short	19Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
271	cross-sectoral		Promotion for rational energy use		General	other	Energy & climate agenciesDescription: Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors	Energy & climate agencies	Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors	medium	medium	19NECP PT p. 66	NECP PT p. 66	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
272	cross-sectoral		Progressive tariffs		Avoid	other	Tariff regulationDescription: Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases.	Tariff regulation	Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases.	short	short	19NECP MT p. 82	NECP MT p. 82	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
136	Industry / Production		reduced energy consumption in manufacturing	TWh	Avoid	fiscal	Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companiesDescription: Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies	Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies	Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies	short	short	19German Zero	German Zero	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
140	Industry / Production		providing individuals with comparisons with their peers’ energy use	TWh	Avoid	information	peer energy comparison Description: The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high.	peer energy comparison	The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high.	medium	medium	19Bertoldi 2017	Bertoldi 2017	http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=8	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
142	Industry / Production		Restrict energy imports	TWh energy import/year by source and sustainability criteria	Avoid	regulation	Regulation/standards for energy importsDescription: Import of energy carriers only if legally defined sustainability standards are met and if they are additionally produced renewables	Regulation/standards for energy imports	Import of energy carriers only if legally defined sustainability standards are met and if they are additionally produced renewables	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 90f	German Zero p. 90f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
143	Industry / Production		Increase the use of renewable materials in production: eliminate barriers for the usage of durable wood	material use	Shift	regulation	Eliminate barriers for wood-useDescription: Dismantle barriers that hinder the use of durable wood products (building regulations or regulations or technical material properties)	Eliminate barriers for wood-use	Dismantle barriers that hinder the use of durable wood products (building regulations or regulations or technical material properties)	short	medium	19NECP DE p. 137; LTS DE p. 69	NECP DE p. 137; LTS DE p. 69	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://ec.europa.eu/info/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/energy-and-climate-governance-and-reporting/national-long-term-strategies_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
144	Industry / Production		Reduce non-recycable materials	material use	Avoid	economic	Tax non-recyclable materialsDescription: Reduce non-recyclable plastic; higher fees on the production of materials which are difficult to recycle	Tax non-recyclable materials	Reduce non-recyclable plastic; higher fees on the production of materials which are difficult to recycle	medium	medium	19NECP IE p. 74	NECP IE p. 74	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
145	Industry / Production		Reduce waste: ban waste exports	material use	Avoid	regulation	Ban waste exportsDescription: Complete ban on exporting waste out of the EU	Ban waste exports	Complete ban on exporting waste out of the EU	short	long	19German Zero p. 131	German Zero p. 131	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
146	Industry / Production		obligation for waste exporters to control their contract partners	material use	Avoid	regulation	Responsibility for waste exportersDescription: Waste exporters should be obliged to ensure that their contract partner actually recycles the waste properly.	Responsibility for waste exporters	Waste exporters should be obliged to ensure that their contract partner actually recycles the waste properly.	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 131	German Zero p. 131	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
147	Industry / Production		Reduce waste: extenstion of the liability for waste export violations	material use	Avoid	regulation	Liability for waste export violationsDescription: Extend liability for violations: Liability under administrative offenses should be introduced for cases in which waste export companies violate the due diligence obligation.	Liability for waste export violations	Extend liability for violations: Liability under administrative offenses should be introduced for cases in which waste export companies violate the due diligence obligation.	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 131	German Zero p. 131	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
148	Industry / Production		Reduce waste: prohibit the destruction of returned goods	material use	Avoid	regulation	Ban destcruction of returned goodsDescription: Prohibition of destruction of returned goods. As of today, the destruction of returned goods (e-commerce) is often the cheapest option. This instrument would clearly ban the destruction of returned goods. In Germany, a legal option for a ban is given in the context of the Verordnungsermächtigung in § 24 Nr. 10 KrWG.	Ban destcruction of returned goods	Prohibition of destruction of returned goods. As of today, the destruction of returned goods (e-commerce) is often the cheapest option. This instrument would clearly ban the destruction of returned goods. In Germany, a legal option for a ban is given in the context of the Verordnungsermächtigung in § 24 Nr. 10 KrWG.	short	short	19German Zero p. 132	German Zero p. 132	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
149	Industry / Production		Integrate life cycle / environmental footprint in product labels	material use	General	information	Product label environmental footprintDescription: Cumpulsory ecological product labelling including environmental life cycle footprint	Product label environmental footprint	Cumpulsory ecological product labelling including environmental life cycle footprint	short	medium	19German Zero p. 133f	German Zero p. 133f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
150	Industry / Production		EU-wide unification of monitoring systems for life cycle information of products	material use	General	regulation	Unify product tracking systemsDescription: Establishing an EU-system for tracking the life cycle of a product	Unify product tracking systems	Establishing an EU-system for tracking the life cycle of a product	short	medium	19German Zero p. 134	German Zero p. 134	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
151	Industry / Production		Product warranty statement in plain language	material use	General	information	Information, Eco-WarrantyDescription: Obligation for product warranty statement formulated in an understandabel manner by the manufacturer	Information, Eco-Warranty	Obligation for product warranty statement formulated in an understandabel manner by the manufacturer	short	medium	19German Zero p. 138	German Zero p. 138	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
152	Industry / Production		Oblige producers to include a disclosure on the minimum lifetime of products	product lifetime, material use	General	information	Minimum LifetimeDescription: Mandatory disclosure on the minimum lifetime of product.	Minimum Lifetime	Mandatory disclosure on the minimum lifetime of product.	short	medium	19German Zero p. 139	German Zero p. 139	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
153	Industry / Production		Regulate repair/replacement-decisions	repair quota, material use	Avoid	regulation	No choice between repair vs. new productDescription: Not the consumer, but the producer decides whether a product can be repaired or needs to replaced.	No choice between repair vs. new product	Not the consumer, but the producer decides whether a product can be repaired or needs to replaced.	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 144f	German Zero p. 144f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
154	Industry / Production		Define the joint liability of seller and producer/manufacturer	material use	Avoid	regulation	Regress Trade&ProductionDescription: Joint liability for products of seller and producer/manufacturer, based on a warranty declaration.	Regress Trade&Production	Joint liability for products of seller and producer/manufacturer, based on a warranty declaration.	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 139	German Zero p. 139	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
155	Industry / Production		Standards for reparability	repair quota, material use	Shift	regulation	Regulate repairDescription: Standards for reparability for several products (adjust Eco-Design-Directive), Products have to be designed in such a way that they can be repaired easily. A minimum requiry could be that products can be disassemble and reassembled in a non-destructive way and without special tools.	Regulate repair	Standards for reparability for several products (adjust Eco-Design-Directive), Products have to be designed in such a way that they can be repaired easily. A minimum requiry could be that products can be disassemble and reassembled in a non-destructive way and without special tools.	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 140f	German Zero p. 140f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
156	Industry / Production		Access to spare parts	repair quota, material use	Shift	regulation	Access to spare partsDescription: Producers are obliged to provide access to spare parts and special tools for all actors including repair-initiatives, consumers	Access to spare parts	Producers are obliged to provide access to spare parts and special tools for all actors including repair-initiatives, consumers	short	medium	19German Zero p. 141	German Zero p. 141	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
157	Industry / Production		Access to repair information	repair quota, material use	Shift	information	Access to repair informationDescription: Information necessary for repair is available quickly and easily for all. A manufacturer may charge a reasonable fee for providing information.	Access to repair information	Information necessary for repair is available quickly and easily for all. A manufacturer may charge a reasonable fee for providing information.	short	medium	19German Zero p. 141	German Zero p. 141	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
158	Industry / Production		Access to affordable spare parts	repair quota, material use	Shift	regulation	Access to affordable spare partsDescription: Access to affordable spare parts (legal right for appropriate pricing)	Access to affordable spare parts	Access to affordable spare parts (legal right for appropriate pricing)	short	medium	19German Zero p. 141	German Zero p. 141	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
159	Industry / Production		Minimal compatibility of software	product lifetime, material use	Shift	regulation	Minimal compatibility of softwareDescription: Minimum compatibility periods for new softwar with existing hardware.	Minimal compatibility of software	Minimum compatibility periods for new softwar with existing hardware.	short	medium	19German Zero p. 113	German Zero p. 113	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
160	Industry / Production		VAT-reduction for repair	repair quota, material use	Shift	economic	VAT-reduction for repairDescription: Reduction of value-added tax for repair service and repaired products	VAT-reduction for repair	Reduction of value-added tax for repair service and repaired products	short	short	10German Zero p. 142	German Zero p. 142	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
161	Industry / Production		Pay a "repair bonus"	repair quota, material use	Shift	fiscal	Subsidise repairDescription: Repair Bonus: 50% of the costs for repair up to 100 Euro are subsidiesed	Subsidise repair	Repair Bonus: 50% of the costs for repair up to 100 Euro are subsidiesed	short	short	16 LTGerman Zero p. 143	German Zero p. 143	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
162	Industry / Production		Customers can make repair by themselves.	repair quota, material use	Shift	regulation	Regulate product replacementDescription: "Selbstvornahme" repair by customer - paid by seller/manufacturer	Regulate product replacement	"Selbstvornahme" repair by customer - paid by seller/manufacturer	short	medium	8German Zero p. 145	German Zero p. 145	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
163	Industry / Production		Reduction of waste/precycling: obligatory reusable packaging	material use	Shift	regulation	Obligation for reusable packagingDescription: Obligation to offer reusable packaging, e. g. reusable alternatives in the take-away sector, and deposit fee for reusable beverage cups and reusable food packaging.	Obligation for reusable packaging	Obligation to offer reusable packaging, e. g. reusable alternatives in the take-away sector, and deposit fee for reusable beverage cups and reusable food packaging.	short	short	2German Zero p. 146f	German Zero p. 146f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
164	Industry / Production		Reduction of waste/precycling: ban microplastics	material use	Shift	regulation	Ban microplasticsDescription: European ban on added microplastics in all products	Ban microplastics	European ban on added microplastics in all products	short	long	2German Zero p. 150	German Zero p. 150	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
165	Industry / Production		expiration of tax exemptions for material uses of fossil fuels	recyclate use	Shift	fiscal	No subsidies for material uses of fossil fuelsDescription: Expiration of the tax exemption for material uses of fossil fuels (not used as heating or fuel).	No subsidies for material uses of fossil fuels	Expiration of the tax exemption for material uses of fossil fuels (not used as heating or fuel).	short	medium	3German Zero p. 152	German Zero p. 152	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
166	Industry / Production		minimum quota for recyclates	recyclate use	Shift	regulation	quota for recyclatesDescription: Quota (minimum use rate) for recyclates in consumer goods packaging, e.g. 7%. Whether a quota at this level is technically possible, or whether even a higher percentage may be possible, must be technically examined. The quota should then be progressively increased and adjusted on a product-specific basis.	quota for recyclates	Quota (minimum use rate) for recyclates in consumer goods packaging, e.g. 7%. Whether a quota at this level is technically possible, or whether even a higher percentage may be possible, must be technically examined. The quota should then be progressively increased and adjusted on a product-specific basis.	short	medium	10German Zero p. 152	German Zero p. 152	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
167	Industry / Production		Climate protection as a mandatory criterion in procurement	CO2 emissions	Shift	regulation	Eco-procurementDescription: Bids in public procurement / tender are only to be accepted if climate protection is considered	Eco-procurement	Bids in public procurement / tender are only to be accepted if climate protection is considered	short	medium	16 DE; 13German Zero p. 166	German Zero p. 166	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Benjamin Best	01/2022
168	Industry / Production		Establishing a National Circular Economy Strategy	material use, land use	Shift	other	Establishing a National Circular Economy StrategyDescription: National Circular Economy Strategy: establishing an institutional framework and incentives for Circular Economy, including waste prevention/precycling	Establishing a National Circular Economy Strategy	National Circular Economy Strategy: establishing an institutional framework and incentives for Circular Economy, including waste prevention/precycling	medium	long	16 IENECP GR p. 108	NECP GR p. 108	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
169	Industry / Production		Reduction of waste/precycling: ‘green corners’ in city shops (zero waste)	material use	Avoid	fiscal	Subsidise Zero Waste Shops and Green CornersDescription: In order to reduce the production of waste and GHGs, a non-repayable economic contribution is allocated for the trial of ‘green corners’ in city shops; here loose or on-draught products are sold, starting with smaller establishments with a view to eventually opening entirely ‘green’ shops;	Subsidise Zero Waste Shops and Green Corners	In order to reduce the production of waste and GHGs, a non-repayable economic contribution is allocated for the trial of ‘green corners’ in city shops; here loose or on-draught products are sold, starting with smaller establishments with a view to eventually opening entirely ‘green’ shops;	short	short	10NECP IT p. 130	NECP IT p. 130	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
170	Industry / Production		Reduction of waste/precycling: information campaigns to reduce the use of disposable plastics	material use	Avoid	information	Launch awareness raising campaignsDescription: Information, training and awareness-raising campaigns in schools etc. to reduce the use of disposable plastics and non-recyclable packaging	Launch awareness raising campaigns	Information, training and awareness-raising campaigns in schools etc. to reduce the use of disposable plastics and non-recyclable packaging	short	short	10NECP IT p. 130	NECP IT p. 130	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
171	Industry / Production		local and regional design, production and repair	share of local products, tkm	Shift	information	Introduce a logo for local productsDescription: Introduce logo for Designed/Made/Grown/Repaired in and around a city (region) to revitalise interest in local production and shorten transport kilometers	Introduce a logo for local products	Introduce logo for Designed/Made/Grown/Repaired in and around a city (region) to revitalise interest in local production and shorten transport kilometers	short	short	10NECP BE p. 127	NECP BE p. 127	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
172	Industry / Production		marketing ban for energy- and resource-intensive products in the appliances sector (active products)	energy, resource use	Avoid	regulation	marketing banDescription: ban on the marketing of energy-intensive domestic appliances	marketing ban	ban on the marketing of energy-intensive domestic appliances	short	short	10NECP BE p. 127	NECP BE p. 127	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
173	Industry / Production		Reduce overlighting during nighttime	energy use, TWh	Avoid	regulation	Lighting ban (night)Description: From 1 a.m. or one hour after leaving the building, lights must be switched off in offices, stores and public buildings. Illuminated advertising is switched off overnight. The violation of the law is punishable by 750 euros.	Lighting ban (night)	From 1 a.m. or one hour after leaving the building, lights must be switched off in offices, stores and public buildings. Illuminated advertising is switched off overnight. The violation of the law is punishable by 750 euros.	short	short	10Zell-Ziegler et al. 2021	Zell-Ziegler et al. 2021	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421521003530	Benjamin Best	01/2022
174	Industry / Production		Limit or ban advertisement in public space	number of products	General	regulation	Ban adsDescription: Implementation of advertising bans	Ban ads	Implementation of advertising bans	short	short	10Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
175	Industry / Production		Limit or ban advertisement in public space	number of products	General	economic	Cap & trade adsDescription: Implementation of advertising quotas and trading of advertising rights.	Cap & trade ads	Implementation of advertising quotas and trading of advertising rights.	short	short	10Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
176	Industry / Production		Ban on advertising to children under 12		Avoid	regulation	Ban advertisments for childrenDescription: Advertisement is used to influence consumption. Experts widely agree that children below the age of 12 cannot effectively recognise advertising and are not yet able to adopt critical attitudes towards it.	Ban advertisments for children	Advertisement is used to influence consumption. Experts widely agree that children below the age of 12 cannot effectively recognise advertising and are not yet able to adopt critical attitudes towards it.	short	short	10Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
177	Industry / Production		Provision of data for open source production of spare parts	repair quota, lifetime of products	General	regulation	Open Data for ProductsDescription: Manufacturers are obliged to provide data that allows consumers to repair items on their own instead of buying new ones in case of single broken parts. This may reduce the level of consumption and new skills can be learned.	Open Data for Products	Manufacturers are obliged to provide data that allows consumers to repair items on their own instead of buying new ones in case of single broken parts. This may reduce the level of consumption and new skills can be learned.	short	medium	10Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Benjamin Best	01/2022
263	Industry / Production		Labelling of cars shall inform on absolute energy consumption		Avoid	information	Label based on absolute valuesDescription: Labelling of car energy consumption: absolute values instead of value/weight (as in DE)	Label based on absolute values	Labelling of car energy consumption: absolute values instead of value/weight (as in DE)	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 207	German Zero p. 207	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
1	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	economic	animal protein taxDescription: meat tax or animal protein tax	animal protein tax	meat tax or animal protein tax	short	short	10Faber et al. 2012 p. 51; Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f; German Zero p. 437	Faber et al. 2012 p. 51; Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f; German Zero p. 437	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
2	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	education	school-based programsDescription: school-based intervention programs for a healthy diet	school-based programs	school-based intervention programs for a healthy diet	medium	medium	10Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
3	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	regulation	food labellingDescription: standardised food labelling in relation to the carbon footprint	food labelling	standardised food labelling in relation to the carbon footprint	medium	medium	10Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
4	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	information	mass media campaignsDescription: communication and mass media campaigns for a vegetarian and climate-friendly diet	mass media campaigns	communication and mass media campaigns for a vegetarian and climate-friendly diet	short	short	10Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	Faber et al. 2012 p. 51	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
5	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	other	action plan on mass cateringDescription: action plan on mass catering to increase the offer of vegetarian and vegan dishes e.g. in cantines, care institutions etc	action plan on mass catering	action plan on mass catering to increase the offer of vegetarian and vegan dishes e.g. in cantines, care institutions etc	short	medium	10Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 358	Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 358	https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
6	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	voluntary agreements	diet shift: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantinesDescription: employers/cantines follow WHO-recommendations	diet shift: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines	employers/cantines follow WHO-recommendations	short	short	10EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
7	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	research and development	research and development for better meat substitute productsDescription: develop better meat substitute products: R&D programmes	research and development for better meat substitute products	develop better meat substitute products: R&D programmes	short	medium	10EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
8	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	other	Masterplan with nutritional recommendations compatible with the Paris AgreementDescription: Plan: Elaboration of a masterplan for nutritional recommendations, against the background of the Paris Agreement targets.	Masterplan with nutritional recommendations compatible with the Paris Agreement	Plan: Elaboration of a masterplan for nutritional recommendations, against the background of the Paris Agreement targets.	medium	long	10NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
9	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	economic	Taxation of animal productsDescription: Development of pricing instruments for consumption incentivisation (e.g. establishment of alternative proteine sources), internalisation of external effects.	Taxation of animal products	Development of pricing instruments for consumption incentivisation (e.g. establishment of alternative proteine sources), internalisation of external effects.	short	short	10NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
10	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	information	Education/information for sustainable nutritionDescription: Education and consulting for sustainable, climate-friendly and healthy nutrition.	Education/information for sustainable nutrition	Education and consulting for sustainable, climate-friendly and healthy nutrition.	medium	medium	10NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
11	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	regulation	minimum standards and labelling for food offersDescription: strengthening of sustainability criteria (minimum standards) for food offers in federal office buildings, optional labelling of climate impacts on food offers in federal office buildings	minimum standards and labelling for food offers	strengthening of sustainability criteria (minimum standards) for food offers in federal office buildings, optional labelling of climate impacts on food offers in federal office buildings	medium	medium	10NECP DE p. 76	NECP DE p. 76	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
12	Land-use & food		reduction of animal farming and export of animal products	kg of exported meat	Avoid	fiscal	cancellation of export subsidies for animal productsDescription: cancellation of export subsidies for animal products	cancellation of export subsidies for animal products	cancellation of export subsidies for animal products	short	short	10Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f	Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f	https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
13	Land-use & food		reduction of animal farming and export of animal products	livestock units per hectare	Avoid	economic	EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer Description: emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction	EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer	emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction	medium	long	10German Zero p. 408	German Zero p. 408	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
13	Land-use & food		reduction of mineral fertilizer use	kg of mineral fertilizer	Avoid	economic	EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer Description: emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction	EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer	emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction	medium	long	16 GRGerman Zero p. 408	German Zero p. 408	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
14	Land-use & food		reduction of animal farming and export of animal products	livestock units per hectare	Avoid	economic	Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmersDescription: Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers	Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers	Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers	short	medium	16 ITNECP LT p. 80	NECP LT p. 80	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
15	Land-use & food		reduction of animal farming and export of animal products	livestock units per hectare	Avoid	regulation	regulate maximum livestock unit per hectareDescription: upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm)	regulate maximum livestock unit per hectare	upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm)	short	medium	16 ITGerman Zero p. 408	German Zero p. 408	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
15	Land-use & food		reduction of organic fertilizer use	livestock units per hectare, nitrogen content of soil and water	Avoid	regulation	regulate maximum livestock unit per hectareDescription: upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm)	regulate maximum livestock unit per hectare	upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm)	short	medium	16 BEGerman Zero p. 408	German Zero p. 408	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
16	Land-use & food		reduction of organic fertilizer use	nitrogen content of soil and water	Avoid	regulation	regulation on nitrogen limitDescription: stricter nitrogen limits to protect drinking water	regulation on nitrogen limit	stricter nitrogen limits to protect drinking water	short	medium	16 BEEnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
17	Land-use & food		diet shift	consumed animal products/capita	Shift	information	consulting bodies on healthy nutritionDescription: Establishment of local consulting gremium that develops recommendations for healthy nutrition.	consulting bodies on healthy nutrition	Establishment of local consulting gremium that develops recommendations for healthy nutrition.	medium	long	23EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
18	Land-use & food		reduction of mineral fertilizer use	kg of mineral fertilizer	Avoid	economic	price on mineral fertilizer within CAP or as taxDescription: CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); the instrument will also foster inland farming of legumes	price on mineral fertilizer within CAP or as tax	CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); the instrument will also foster inland farming of legumes	medium	medium	19German Zero p. 409; NECP LT p. 78	German Zero p. 409; NECP LT p. 78	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
19	Land-use & food		increase consumption of regional products	share of regional products	Shift	information	label for food from the regionDescription: support regional food e.g. on local markets	label for food from the region	support regional food e.g. on local markets	short	medium	19EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
20	Land-use & food		increase consumption of regional products	share of regional products	Shift	information	information on local food production/processing Description: Revitalise interest in local food production and processing to shorten the food supply chain.	information on local food production/processing	Revitalise interest in local food production and processing to shorten the food supply chain.	medium	medium	19NECP SI p. 70	NECP SI p. 70	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
21	Land-use & food		reduction of food waste	food waste in kg/capita	Avoid	other	development of a network of distribution platforms and food platformsDescription: We encourage the development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms. Distribution platforms cover the supply and demand of food surpluses in a given region and organise the logistics of these flows. In food platforms, surpluses are transformed into new food products and then distributed.	development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms	We encourage the development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms. Distribution platforms cover the supply and demand of food surpluses in a given region and organise the logistics of these flows. In food platforms, surpluses are transformed into new food products and then distributed.	medium	medium	19NECP BE p. 114f	NECP BE p. 114f	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
22	Land-use & food		reduction of food waste	food waste in kg/capita	Avoid	voluntary agreements	food waste: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantinesDescription: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines to reduce food waste	food waste: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines	voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines to reduce food waste	short	short	10NECP ES (EN) p. 128	NECP ES (EN) p. 128	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
23	Land-use & food		reduction of food waste	food waste in kg/capita	Avoid	information	information campaigns on food-wasteDescription: information campaigns on food-waste	information campaigns on food-waste	information campaigns on food-waste	medium	medium	10Association négaWatt 2017; NECPs: AT, BE, DE, GR, FR, NL, LT, ES, PT, LU, SK	Association négaWatt 2017; NECPs: AT, BE, DE, GR, FR, NL, LT, ES, PT, LU, SK	https://negawatt.org/IMG/pdf/synthese_scenario-negawatt_2017-2050.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
24	Land-use & food		reduction of the consumption of climate harmful food and drinks	emissions of food and drinks	Avoid	regulation	marketing ban of climate harmful foods and drinksDescription: ban of advertisement of climate harmful foods and drinks	marketing ban of climate harmful foods and drinks	ban of advertisement of climate harmful foods and drinks	short	short	10Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	Bürgerrat Klima p. 24	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en, https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
25	Land-use & food		support community gardens	share of regional products	Shift	fiscal	funding and support of community gardensDescription: Empty, unused areas can be converted into gardens to make them available for the production of food for the communitiy. The EU, member states and local governments need to fund and support the promotion and implementation of these community gardens.	funding and support of community gardens	Empty, unused areas can be converted into gardens to make them available for the production of food for the communitiy. The EU, member states and local governments need to fund and support the promotion and implementation of these community gardens.	medium	long	9Sustainable Prosperity Database	Sustainable Prosperity Database	https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/	Carina Zell-Ziegler	01/2022
178	Land-use & food		No agricultural use of wetlands	ha of wetlands under protection	Avoid	regulation	regulate use of wetlands (no agricultural use)Description: Prohibition of agricultural use (exception potentially: paludiculture, to be researched). Areas to be secured by means of cataster registration.	regulate use of wetlands (no agricultural use)	Prohibition of agricultural use (exception potentially: paludiculture, to be researched). Areas to be secured by means of cataster registration.	medium	medium	7; 22German Zero p. 421	German Zero p. 421	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
179	Land-use & food		No agricultural use of wetlands	ha of wetlands under protection	Avoid	fiscal	exclude agricultural use of wetlands from agricultural subsidies (EU policy)Description: Restructure land-based subsidies in EU common agricultural policy: phase out subsidies for agricultural use of drained wetlands, inclusion of paludiculture as fully subsidy-receiving. Additional financial support for switch to paludiculture.	exclude agricultural use of wetlands from agricultural subsidies (EU policy)	Restructure land-based subsidies in EU common agricultural policy: phase out subsidies for agricultural use of drained wetlands, inclusion of paludiculture as fully subsidy-receiving. Additional financial support for switch to paludiculture.	medium	medium	7; 22German Zero p. 422	German Zero p. 422	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
180	Land-use & food		increase areas not used by agriculture	ha land not in agricultural use	Shift	regulation	EU regulation on minimum share of areas outside agricultural useDescription: Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use fom 5 to 10%, as mandatory share for all farmers	EU regulation on minimum share of areas outside agricultural use	Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use fom 5 to 10%, as mandatory share for all farmers	medium	medium	10; 14German Zero p. 435	German Zero p. 435	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
181	Land-use & food		increase green spaces in cities	share of green areas in cities	Avoid	other	extend/establish protected areas in citiesDescription: Open spaces in cities, such as green belts, are essential for air quality, the regulation of the local climate and the quality of life. In order to safeguard them, these areas can be designated as protected areas, subject to a ban on building and sealing. Better connections between those areas would constitute a significant improvement for biodiversity, enabling fauna and flora to circulate without barriers such as roads and buildings.	extend/establish protected areas in cities	Open spaces in cities, such as green belts, are essential for air quality, the regulation of the local climate and the quality of life. In order to safeguard them, these areas can be designated as protected areas, subject to a ban on building and sealing. Better connections between those areas would constitute a significant improvement for biodiversity, enabling fauna and flora to circulate without barriers such as roads and buildings.	medium	medium	7; 22Fuhrhop 2017	Fuhrhop 2017	https://www.oekom.de/buch/verbietet-das-bauen-9783962381943	Johannes Thema	01/2022
182	Transport		Enable homeoffice by teleworking equipment	nr. of work trips	Avoid	fiscal	IT equipment subsidiesDescription: For self-employed and employers, ICT equipment already count as expenses for tax base calculation (mature, but baseline). In addition, dedicated teleworking equipment (conferencing hard and software, cloud services etc) could be subsidised.	IT equipment subsidies	For self-employed and employers, ICT equipment already count as expenses for tax base calculation (mature, but baseline). In addition, dedicated teleworking equipment (conferencing hard and software, cloud services etc) could be subsidised.	short	short	7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 81	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 81	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
183	Transport		Teleworking: Relief of work-related expenses	nr. of work trips	Avoid	fiscal	Subsidised energy billsDescription: Voluntary agreements of employers to additional pay, returning saved energy costs at the company; or legal obligation for employers (would likely disincentivise teleworking).	Subsidised energy bills	Voluntary agreements of employers to additional pay, returning saved energy costs at the company; or legal obligation for employers (would likely disincentivise teleworking).	short	short	7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 82	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 82	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
195	Transport		Relief of work-related expenses for home office	nr. of work trips	Avoid	fiscal	tax acknowledgement of homeoffice expensesDescription: Flat-rate acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses of 5€/day (with potential yearly maximum)	tax acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses	Flat-rate acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses of 5€/day (with potential yearly maximum)	short	short	7; 22German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
184	Transport		Teleworking: Incentivise employers	nr. of work trips	Avoid	economic	Company tax credits for teleworkingDescription: Companies receive a tax credit per commuting km not travelled by their employees due to teleworking. This instrument may be financed by a fraction of the commuting flat-rate subsidy, and partially passed to employees for additional energy expenses at home.	Company tax credits for teleworking	Companies receive a tax credit per commuting km not travelled by their employees due to teleworking. This instrument may be financed by a fraction of the commuting flat-rate subsidy, and partially passed to employees for additional energy expenses at home.	short	short	7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 83	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 83	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
185	Transport		Better information of employers/employees on communiting impacts	nr. of work trips	Avoid	information	Information campaign commutingDescription: Governmental campaign informing employees and employers and raise awareness on communiting impacts	Information campaign commuting	Governmental campaign informing employees and employers and raise awareness on communiting impacts	short	short	7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
186	Transport		Training for better home-office abilities	nr. of work trips	Avoid	education	Training for teleworkDescription: The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demonstrated, that with urgency, teleworking can be made possible. But employees need training for an efficient teleworking. Workshops, external coaching and training for teleworking and cloud tools can help to improve efficiency and can thus be subsidised.	Training for telework	The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demonstrated, that with urgency, teleworking can be made possible. But employees need training for an efficient teleworking. Workshops, external coaching and training for teleworking and cloud tools can help to improve efficiency and can thus be subsidised.	short	medium	7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
187	Transport		teleworking for civil agents	nr. of work trips	Avoid	regulation	Right to home office for civil agentsDescription: Right to homeoffice (e.g. 50%) in public administration, ministries etc., implement necessary hard and software solution to enable teleworking.	Right to home office for civil agents	Right to homeoffice (e.g. 50%) in public administration, ministries etc., implement necessary hard and software solution to enable teleworking.	short	short	22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 89	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 89	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
188	Transport		teleworking for companies	nr. of work trips	Avoid	voluntary agreements	Teleworking agreements with companiesDescription: Voluntary agreements with companies to stimulate and facilitate teleworking	Teleworking agreements with companies	Voluntary agreements with companies to stimulate and facilitate teleworking	short	short	10; 7; 22Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 90	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 90	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
189	Transport		Increase available broadband infrastructure	nr. of work trips	Avoid	regulation	IT Infrastructure regulation & investmentDescription: Regulatory framework enabling and stimulating investments in broadband IT infrastructure	IT Infrastructure regulation & investment	Regulatory framework enabling and stimulating investments in broadband IT infrastructure	medium	long	10; 14Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 80	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 80	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
190	Transport		Support innovation in relation to avoided commuting	nr. of work trips	Avoid	fiscal	Innovation subsidiesDescription: Innovation subsidies	Innovation subsidies	Innovation subsidies	short	medium	10; 14Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 84	Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 84	https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
192	Transport		Promotion of teleworking	nr. of work trips	Avoid	regulation	Right to homeofficeDescription: New regulatory framework for 50% of working time is free to choose between office and home office, orientation at FI Working Time Act. Including regulation for breaks and rest, securing leisure times.	Right to homeoffice	New regulatory framework for 50% of working time is free to choose between office and home office, orientation at FI Working Time Act. Including regulation for breaks and rest, securing leisure times.	short	short	16 AT; 14German Zero p. 209; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 79	German Zero p. 209; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 79	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
193	Transport		replacement of business trips by tele-meetings	nr. of business trips	Avoid	fiscal	Infrastructure improvementDescription: Necessary advancement of digital infrastructures (glas fibre connection expansion, 5G network).	Infrastructure improvement	Necessary advancement of digital infrastructures (glas fibre connection expansion, 5G network).	medium	long	20German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
194	Transport		replacement of business trips by tele-meetings	nr. of business trips	Avoid	regulation	Travel cost regulations (public & company)Description: regulatory framework for travel costs (obligatory changes for internal travel cost directives in companies and public admin. travel cost regulations).	Travel cost regulations (public & company)	regulatory framework for travel costs (obligatory changes for internal travel cost directives in companies and public admin. travel cost regulations).	short	short	20German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
196	Transport		Better space planning to reduce transport demands	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	other	Space planning urban/ruralDescription: Climate/energy targets in space-related planning concepts to reduce transport demands; integrated planning; short paths are actively travelled by walking or cycling; creating short paths through local economies, intelligent urban planning and strengthening of city centres, Transit-oriented development (TOD), see Copenhagen example, SUMPs	Space planning urban/rural	Climate/energy targets in space-related planning concepts to reduce transport demands; integrated planning; short paths are actively travelled by walking or cycling; creating short paths through local economies, intelligent urban planning and strengthening of city centres, Transit-oriented development (TOD), see Copenhagen example, SUMPs	medium	long	20NECP AT p. 116; Martin et al. 2020 p. 48	NECP AT p. 116; Martin et al. 2020 p. 48	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
197	Transport		Reduce school trips	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	fiscal	Re-opening of closer-by schools (reversion of closures)Description: Re-opening of local schools (reversion of closures). To be elaborated further.	Re-opening of closer-by schools (reversion of closures)	Re-opening of local schools (reversion of closures). To be elaborated further.	medium	long	20Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
198	Transport		Reduce accompanying trips through closer childcare facilities	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	fiscal	Opening of public and support of private childcare initiatives in villagesDescription: Childcare facilities also in villages (opening of public, support of private initiatives)	Opening of public and support of private childcare initiatives in villages	Childcare facilities also in villages (opening of public, support of private initiatives)	medium	medium	20Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
199	Transport		Reduce education trips through closer higher education facilities	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	fiscal	Reopening of local education facilitiesDescription: Higher density of higher education/universities	Reopening of local education facilities	Higher density of higher education/universities	medium	long	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
200	Transport		Reduce shopping trips through securing locally available food/consumables provision	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	fiscal	Incentives for local/decentral shops, excess charges for traffic-inducing decentralised shopsDescription: Incentives for local/decentral shops, e.g. reduced taxation, rent subsidies, free coaching; excess charges for traffic-inducing centralised shops	Incentives for local/decentral shops, excess charges for traffic-inducing decentralised shops	Incentives for local/decentral shops, e.g. reduced taxation, rent subsidies, free coaching; excess charges for traffic-inducing centralised shops	medium	medium	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
201	Transport		Reduce medical trips	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Avoid	fiscal	Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly careDescription: Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care. Over the last decade, specialised medical care was less available in rural areas than urban centres, general medical care has done less home visits despite increasing numbers of more elderly in need. This probably drives up trips and could be countered by reversing the trend through respective changes to the regulation and incentive framework for medics (Struman et al. 2021).	Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care	Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care. Over the last decade, specialised medical care was less available in rural areas than urban centres, general medical care has done less home visits despite increasing numbers of more elderly in need. This probably drives up trips and could be countered by reversing the trend through respective changes to the regulation and incentive framework for medics (Struman et al. 2021).	medium	medium	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
202	Transport		Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses	parking spaces (per capita)	Shift	regulation	re-assignation of parking spacesDescription: Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses. Requires changes to departmental road regulations that currently require roads to be "not necessary" for transportation or "major public interest", if spaces should be turned to other uses.	re-assignation of parking spaces	Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses. Requires changes to departmental road regulations that currently require roads to be "not necessary" for transportation or "major public interest", if spaces should be turned to other uses.	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 232f	German Zero p. 232f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
203	Transport		Reduction of parking on public ground	parking spaces (per capita)	Avoid	regulation	General restriction of allowed parkingDescription: At present, parking is principally allowed on public grounds (common use of public space), if not explicitly prohibited. This policy at regional level would exclude parking from the definition of common use (Gemeingebrauch), leading to allowed parking only in especially designated spaces instead of generally allowed with designated prohibition.	General restriction of allowed parking	At present, parking is principally allowed on public grounds (common use of public space), if not explicitly prohibited. This policy at regional level would exclude parking from the definition of common use (Gemeingebrauch), leading to allowed parking only in especially designated spaces instead of generally allowed with designated prohibition.	medium	medium	10; 15; 22German Zero p. 231	German Zero p. 231	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
204	Transport		Reduction of (urban) parking space	parking spaces (per capita)	Avoid	regulation	Red. obligatory parking space/appartmentDescription: Elimination of obligatory parking space per apartment in departmental regulations (example department Berlin)	Red. obligatory parking space/appartment	Elimination of obligatory parking space per apartment in departmental regulations (example department Berlin)	short	medium	10; 4German Zero p. 231	German Zero p. 231	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
205	Transport		fewer parking garages	parking spaces (per capita)	Avoid	regulation	Less privileged parking space planningDescription: Elimination of national law giving the possibility for local administrations to privilege garages and parking lots in certain areas	Less privileged parking space planning	Elimination of national law giving the possibility for local administrations to privilege garages and parking lots in certain areas	short	medium	10; 14German Zero p. 201	German Zero p. 201	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
206	Transport		higher parking costs	car ownership rate	Shift	economic	Parking fee increaseDescription: increase of parking fees for local residents, ideally in the federal "Gebührenordnung für Maßnahmen im Straßenverkehr", with a minimum tariff and local variability. Proposed minimum tariffs are doubling the current tariffs.	Parking fee increase	increase of parking fees for local residents, ideally in the federal "Gebührenordnung für Maßnahmen im Straßenverkehr", with a minimum tariff and local variability. Proposed minimum tariffs are doubling the current tariffs.	short	short	10; 4German Zero p. 202; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	German Zero p. 202; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
207	Transport		Reduce private use of company cars	company cars, total cars	Avoid, Shift	economic	Company car taxation reformDescription: tax set off in companies for cars only for low-emissions/consumption cars (possibly no set off for privately used cars), taxation of non-cash benefits (or full exclusion of set off for privately used cars), private use-km dependent taxation	Company car taxation reform	tax set off in companies for cars only for low-emissions/consumption cars (possibly no set off for privately used cars), taxation of non-cash benefits (or full exclusion of set off for privately used cars), private use-km dependent taxation	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 214ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24	German Zero p. 214ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
208	Transport		More shared mobility	occupancy rate	Avoid, Shift	regulation	Incentivising regulation for ride sharing/poolingDescription: Local regulation of tariffs (secure tariffs above public transport where public transport available. However, in rural areas, where public transport is not available secure economic tariffs), special parking & lane use rights	Incentivising regulation for ride sharing/pooling	Local regulation of tariffs (secure tariffs above public transport where public transport available. However, in rural areas, where public transport is not available secure economic tariffs), special parking & lane use rights	medium	long	10German Zero p. 246f; Martin et al. 2020 p. 50	German Zero p. 246f; Martin et al. 2020 p. 50	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
209	Transport		Reduce commuting trips	nr. of work trips	Avoid	economic	Cancellation of commuting allowanceDescription: Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. Replacement by increase of personal tax base exemption to benefit all or cross-subsidy of public transport tickets and public transport expansion. See also ID 65 (buildings sector)	Cancellation of commuting allowance	Cancellation of commuting allowance, hardship provision necessary. Replacement by increase of personal tax base exemption to benefit all or cross-subsidy of public transport tickets and public transport expansion. See also ID 65 (buildings sector)	short	short	10German Zero p. 211ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24	German Zero p. 211ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
210	Transport		Long-term shift from road to public transport	road network	Avoid, Shift	regulation	Legal moratorium for road expansionDescription: Moratorium for new roads and expansion, with only qualified exeptions. Requires a legal moratorium in the federal law for long-distance roads, a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly.	Legal moratorium for road expansion	Moratorium for new roads and expansion, with only qualified exeptions. Requires a legal moratorium in the federal law for long-distance roads, a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly.	short	long	14German Zero p. 229	German Zero p. 229	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
211	Transport		Long-term shift from road to public transport	modal split	Avoid, Shift	regulation	Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (national)Description: Missing legal standards for BVWP, that defines as annex to FStrAbG the network expansion plans. Incl. barriers to road network expansion through CBA and no-better-alternative clause. Requires a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly.	Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (national)	Missing legal standards for BVWP, that defines as annex to FStrAbG the network expansion plans. Incl. barriers to road network expansion through CBA and no-better-alternative clause. Requires a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly.	medium	long	10; 22German Zero p. 229f	German Zero p. 229f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
212	Transport		Long-term shift from road to public transport	modal split	Avoid, Shift	other	Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (regional)Description: Equivalent implementation in departmental road expansion laws.	Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (regional)	Equivalent implementation in departmental road expansion laws.	medium	long	10; 16 DEGerman Zero p. 230	German Zero p. 230	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
213	Transport		Infrastructure restriction for airports	air network: availability of air connections	Avoid, Shift	regulation	Airport expansion moratoriumDescription: Moratorium for airport expansions	Airport expansion moratorium	Moratorium for airport expansions	short	medium	16 FReMartin et al. 2020 p. 49	Martin et al. 2020 p. 49	https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf"	Johannes Thema	01/2022
214	Transport		Bicycle-friendly cities	bicycle network: infrastructures and connections	Shift	other	More competences for local administration in infrastructure planningDescription: more competences for administration to change infrastructures, bicycle zones, bicycle "green waves"	More competences for local administration in infrastructure planning	more competences for administration to change infrastructures, bicycle zones, bicycle "green waves"	short	medium	10German Zero p. 203f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	German Zero p. 203f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
215	Transport		Bicycle-friendly cities	bicycle network: infrastructures and connections	Shift	fiscal	Expansion of cycling infrastructure and better framework conditionsDescription: Expansion of cycling infrastructure (roads and parking) and better framework conditions. Complement: cycling hiways, Seitenstreifen, bridges	Expansion of cycling infrastructure and better framework conditions	Expansion of cycling infrastructure (roads and parking) and better framework conditions. Complement: cycling hiways, Seitenstreifen, bridges	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 234; NECP DE p. 95	German Zero p. 234; NECP DE p. 95	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
216	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	modal split	Shift	fiscal	Active mobility fundDescription: Active Mobility Fund: creation of a €350 million cycling fund to fight against cycle path breaks etc., make cycling safer (secure parking, marking bikes against theft, bike locks at traffic lights, etc.)	Active mobility fund	Active Mobility Fund: creation of a €350 million cycling fund to fight against cycle path breaks etc., make cycling safer (secure parking, marking bikes against theft, bike locks at traffic lights, etc.)	short	medium	10NECP FR (EN) p. 57, 66	NECP FR (EN) p. 57, 66	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
217	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	modal split	Shift	regulation	Reorientation of legal basis of road laws (include climate)Description: Reformulation of targets of road regulation (StVG): not only danger reduction, but respect to needs of cycling/walking, climate and environment (national/departmental level)	Reorientation of legal basis of road laws (include climate)	Reformulation of targets of road regulation (StVG): not only danger reduction, but respect to needs of cycling/walking, climate and environment (national/departmental level)	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 223	German Zero p. 223	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
218	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	bicycle infrastructure staff in local admin. per 100.000 inhabitants	Shift	regulation	Mandate increased staff/budget at local levelDescription: National setting of minimum requirement for staff and budgetary resources at local level	Mandate increased staff/budget at local level	National setting of minimum requirement for staff and budgetary resources at local level	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 234	German Zero p. 234	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
219	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	modal split	Shift	regulation	Lower barriers for traffic confinementsDescription: Reformulation of road regulation (StVO) to allow traffic restrictions (especially space assignation to bike lanes) also if not necessary for danger avoidance	Lower barriers for traffic confinements	Reformulation of road regulation (StVO) to allow traffic restrictions (especially space assignation to bike lanes) also if not necessary for danger avoidance	medium	medium	10; 14German Zero p. 234	German Zero p. 234	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
220	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	modal split	Shift	regulation	Green wave for bikesDescription: Reformulation of road regulation (VwV-StVO) to provide green wave for bicycles instead of cars	Green wave for bikes	Reformulation of road regulation (VwV-StVO) to provide green wave for bicycles instead of cars	medium	medium	14German Zero p. 234	German Zero p. 234	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
221	Transport		Security in/promotion of cycling	bicycle network: infrastructures and connections	Shift	regulation	Opening up one-way streets for bicyclesDescription: Allowing bicycles to ride against one-way roads (including enabling changes to StVO)	Opening up one-way streets for bicycles	Allowing bicycles to ride against one-way roads (including enabling changes to StVO)	short	short	10; 14German Zero p. 234	German Zero p. 234	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
222	Transport		Promote walking	modal split	Shift	regulation	Minimum sidewalk widthDescription: min. 2.5m sidewalk width	Minimum sidewalk width	min. 2.5m sidewalk width	medium	medium	10; 14German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
223	Transport		Promote walking	public park share (% non-sealed soil of total area)	Shift	other	Quality improvementDescription: benches, trees, parks (initially pop-up and small-scale, then longer-term implementation)	Quality improvement	benches, trees, parks (initially pop-up and small-scale, then longer-term implementation)	short	short	10; 14Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
224	Transport		Promote walking	modal split	Shift	regulation	Facilitate implementation of zebra crossingsDescription: Lowering of barriers for zebra and other crossing implementation in StVO (from currently 50 walks + 200 cars per peak hour)	Facilitate implementation of zebra crossings	Lowering of barriers for zebra and other crossing implementation in StVO (from currently 50 walks + 200 cars per peak hour)	short	medium	10; 14German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
225	Transport		Promote walking	modal split	Shift	regulation	Elimination of mandatory sidewalk useDescription: Allowed exception from mandatory use for narrow, bad shape, badly lit, dirty or ice-covered sidewalks. Securing respective walking areas on roads.	Elimination of mandatory sidewalk use	Allowed exception from mandatory use for narrow, bad shape, badly lit, dirty or ice-covered sidewalks. Securing respective walking areas on roads.	short	short	10German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
226	Transport		Promote walking	modal split	Shift	regulation	Adequate green phasesDescription: Adequately long and frequent green phases, especially at senior residences and kindergardens. Elimination of pedestrian red light crossing as law infringement, when no cars are in sight.	Adequate green phases	Adequately long and frequent green phases, especially at senior residences and kindergardens. Elimination of pedestrian red light crossing as law infringement, when no cars are in sight.	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
227	Transport		Reduce road rule infringements	modal split	Shift	regulation	Higher sanctions for road rule infringementsDescription: Higher fees for road rule infringements: fees according to income, "Flensburg points", effective sanctioning	Higher sanctions for road rule infringements	Higher fees for road rule infringements: fees according to income, "Flensburg points", effective sanctioning	short	short	12; 16 AT, SE; 10German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
228	Transport		Termination of air traffic <600km	air network: availability of air connections	Shift	regulation	<600km air travel ban within EUDescription: <600km air travel ban within EU	<600km air travel ban within EU	<600km air travel ban within EU	medium	medium	22; DLRGerman Zero p. 269	German Zero p. 269	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
229	Transport		Termination of domestic air traffic	air network: availability of air connections	Shift	regulation	Domestic air travel banDescription: Domestic air travel ban	Domestic air travel ban	Domestic air travel ban	short	short	10German Zero p. 269	German Zero p. 269	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
230	Transport		higher night train density	rail network: availability of train connections	Shift	other	Federal train service coordination/planning, incl. night train servicesDescription: Federal coordination securing frequent night train services to replace short-/medium-distance flights	Federal train service coordination/planning, incl. night train services	Federal coordination securing frequent night train services to replace short-/medium-distance flights	medium	medium	16 NLLTS AT p. 54; NECPs: AT p. 111, SE p. 53; German Zero p. 242f	LTS AT p. 54; NECPs: AT p. 111, SE p. 53; German Zero p. 242f	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
231	Transport		Car-free city centers	modal split	Shift	regulation	Car access restrictionDescription: Access restrictions and environmental zones for zero-emission vehicles, entry restrictions for internal combustion vehicles	Car access restriction	Access restrictions and environmental zones for zero-emission vehicles, entry restrictions for internal combustion vehicles	medium	medium	10Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87; DLR	Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87; DLR	https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536	Johannes Thema	01/2022
232	Transport		Reduce commuting trips	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Shift	regulation	Mandatory company mobility managementDescription: Mandatory mobility management for companies & public administration with 200/300+ employees. Includes mobility data collection, action plan with targets and responsibilities.	Mandatory company mobility management	Mandatory mobility management for companies & public administration with 200/300+ employees. Includes mobility data collection, action plan with targets and responsibilities.	medium	medium	10; 15German Zero p. 215	German Zero p. 215	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
233	Transport		Reduce commuting trips	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Shift	voluntary agreements	Employer voluntary agreement incl. co-financing and support in home-officeDescription: (Voluntary) Climate Agreement (as 2019 closed in NL) with employers to reduce car transport and cycling increase, additional co-financing, support in home-office	Employer voluntary agreement incl. co-financing and support in home-office	(Voluntary) Climate Agreement (as 2019 closed in NL) with employers to reduce car transport and cycling increase, additional co-financing, support in home-office	medium	medium	16 MTNECP NL p. 55	NECP NL p. 55	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
234	Transport		Reduce MIT	€/km	Shift	economic	Road chargeDescription: Introduction of road charges (ideally km-dependent) until 2027 for internalising road infrastructure costs. Ideally implementation of a unified charge at EU level, otherwise national. The charge should cover the entire road network, differentiate tariffs by GHG and other emissions (polluter pays principle). Tariffs could also differentiate traffic volumes (high traffic zones with higher tariffs) and e.g. exempt rural zones where no public transport alternative exists.	Road charge	Introduction of road charges (ideally km-dependent) until 2027 for internalising road infrastructure costs. Ideally implementation of a unified charge at EU level, otherwise national. The charge should cover the entire road network, differentiate tariffs by GHG and other emissions (polluter pays principle). Tariffs could also differentiate traffic volumes (high traffic zones with higher tariffs) and e.g. exempt rural zones where no public transport alternative exists.	medium	medium	10; 22German Zero p. 223	German Zero p. 223	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
235	Transport		Internalise road infrastructure costs at the local level	€/km	Shift	regulation	City road chargeDescription: If an EU/national road charge cannot be implemented rapidly, an interim solution is to charge roads locally, especially in urban centers. This requires the permission for local administrations. Various urban road charging modes exist, the choice should then be taken at local level, respecting local specificities.	City road charge	If an EU/national road charge cannot be implemented rapidly, an interim solution is to charge roads locally, especially in urban centers. This requires the permission for local administrations. Various urban road charging modes exist, the choice should then be taken at local level, respecting local specificities.	medium	medium	20German Zero p. 226; Matthias et al. 2020	German Zero p. 226; Matthias et al. 2020	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536	Johannes Thema	01/2022
236	Transport		Reduce accompanying trips, shift to bus for school students	nr. of trips (other purpose)	Shift	fiscal	Free school transportDescription: Free school transport for all primary and secondary school students and free use of public transport for youths and students between 16-20 years old	Free school transport	Free school transport for all primary and secondary school students and free use of public transport for youths and students between 16-20 years old	short	short	16 LU; 22NECP MT p. 74	NECP MT p. 74	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
237	Transport		Reduction of (urban) parking space	parking spaces/capita	Shift	other	Digital parking controlsDescription: Use of scan-vehicles (and respective legal basis) instead of manual control, digitalised tickets	Digital parking controls	Use of scan-vehicles (and respective legal basis) instead of manual control, digitalised tickets	medium	medium	16 ITGerman Zero p. 232; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	German Zero p. 232; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
238	Transport		Reduction of parking traffic		Shift	fiscal	Support of parking management systemDescription: Financial support for local introduction of sensor-based, intelligent parking management systems	Support of parking management system	Financial support for local introduction of sensor-based, intelligent parking management systems	short	medium	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
239	Transport		Relieve disadvantage of public transport users	car ownership rate	Shift	economic	Car tax reformDescription: Car tax reform (mobility budget as tax exemption of the size of company car privilege that does not further put in disadvantage people not using a car)	Car tax reform	Car tax reform (mobility budget as tax exemption of the size of company car privilege that does not further put in disadvantage people not using a car)	short	medium	10NECP LU p. 85; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	NECP LU p. 85; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
240	Transport		Reduce car ownership and incentivise mode shift	modal split	Shift	fiscal	Mobility VoucherDescription: Introduction of a mobility voucher (up to 1500€/a) for public transport tickets in return for old vehicle (EURO3 or older)	Mobility Voucher	Introduction of a mobility voucher (up to 1500€/a) for public transport tickets in return for old vehicle (EURO3 or older)	short	short	10NECP IT p. 139	NECP IT p. 139	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
241	Transport		Internalisation of external costs	car ownership rate	Avoid	economic	Car admission taxDescription: Introduction of car admission tax (potentially levied together with yearly car tax). Based on: - energy consumption (also incl. future EVs), weight - exclude EVs until market ramp-up - step-wise phase-out of buyer premia	Car admission tax	Introduction of car admission tax (potentially levied together with yearly car tax). Based on: - energy consumption (also incl. future EVs), weight - exclude EVs until market ramp-up - step-wise phase-out of buyer premia	short	medium	16 ESeGerman Zero p. 218f	German Zero p. 218f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
242	Transport		Internalisation of external costs	car ownership rate	Avoid	economic	Yearly car taxDescription: Tax level orientation: CO2-/energy consumption-/weight, inflation-indexing, immediate implementation. This automobile taxation reform targets the replacement of buyer premia and contains 3 elements: - revising tax levels and orienting them progressively at CO2 intensity (esp. for company cars), see GZ 217 and cited sources for more specific tariff formulations - reflecting weight in taxation: promoting smaller/lighter and more efficient cars that have less utilisation impact on road infrastructure with lower tax levels (disincentivising E-SUVs) - inflation-indexing: curently, taxes are set in absolute values that devaluate with inflation. Inflation-indexing would counter this development These elements should be introduced immediately, also to disincentivise existing high-emission vehicles.	Yearly car tax	Tax level orientation: CO2-/energy consumption-/weight, inflation-indexing, immediate implementation. This automobile taxation reform targets the replacement of buyer premia and contains 3 elements: - revising tax levels and orienting them progressively at CO2 intensity (esp. for company cars), see GZ 217 and cited sources for more specific tariff formulations - reflecting weight in taxation: promoting smaller/lighter and more efficient cars that have less utilisation impact on road infrastructure with lower tax levels (disincentivising E-SUVs) - inflation-indexing: curently, taxes are set in absolute values that devaluate with inflation. Inflation-indexing would counter this development These elements should be introduced immediately, also to disincentivise existing high-emission vehicles.	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 217f	German Zero p. 217f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
243	Transport		Disincentivise car aquisition/ownership	car ownership rate	Avoid, Shift	fiscal	elimination of buyer premiaDescription: elimination of all vehicle buyer premia (incl. EV), step-wise phase-out	elimination of buyer premia	elimination of all vehicle buyer premia (incl. EV), step-wise phase-out	short	medium	10German Zero p. 219	German Zero p. 219	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
244	Transport		Make public transport more attractive	modal split	Shift	fiscal	Investment in public transport efficiency increaseDescription: More efficient transport technologies (also trains)	Investment in public transport efficiency increase	More efficient transport technologies (also trains)	medium	medium	10NECP ES (EN) p. 135f	NECP ES (EN) p. 135f	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
245	Transport		reactivation of lines	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	regulation	Revision of legal basisDescription: reactivation of lines, For this instrument, first the legal basis has to be adapted (Änderung des Bundesverkehrswegeplans auch das Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz, die Leistungs- und Finanzierungsvereinbarung (LuFV) sowie ggf. das Schienengüterfernverkehrsnetzförderungsgesetz und das Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz).	Revision of legal basis	reactivation of lines, For this instrument, first the legal basis has to be adapted (Änderung des Bundesverkehrswegeplans auch das Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz, die Leistungs- und Finanzierungsvereinbarung (LuFV) sowie ggf. das Schienengüterfernverkehrsnetzförderungsgesetz und das Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz).	medium	long	20German Zero p. 239	German Zero p. 239	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
246	Transport		reactivation of lines	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	fiscal	cost-benefit assessment and reactivation fundsDescription: reactivation of lines, incl. transparent cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Transparent CBA has to be conducted and necessary funds to be provided by the federal government.	cost-benefit assessment and reactivation funds	reactivation of lines, incl. transparent cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Transparent CBA has to be conducted and necessary funds to be provided by the federal government.	medium	long	20German Zero p. 239	German Zero p. 239	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
247	Transport		higher network density and frequency	public transport network: availability of connections, Public transport frequency	Shift	regulation	Target network plan and timetableDescription: GermanZero proposes an encompassing policy package to improve long-distance rail services in terms of network coverage and service frequency. In essence, the proposal is to switch to a concession model in analogy to public transportservice contracting for local public transport and as done by all other EU member states. The package involves 4 policy actions: - Definition of a target rail network and timetable (with higher network density and service frequency "Deutschlandtakt") - National coordinating institution setup within the ministry of transport who contracts rail services and secures the mid/long-term service provision - Concrete service provision definition by the federal state (above institution) to secure full territorial service coverage (irrespective of financial attractiveness of routes) and including night train services - Necessary enactment of a long-distance passenger transport law and adaptions to the Eisenbahnregulierungsgesetz (ERegG) and air transport law (LuFV).	Target network plan and timetable	GermanZero proposes an encompassing policy package to improve long-distance rail services in terms of network coverage and service frequency. In essence, the proposal is to switch to a concession model in analogy to public transportservice contracting for local public transport and as done by all other EU member states. The package involves 4 policy actions: - Definition of a target rail network and timetable (with higher network density and service frequency "Deutschlandtakt") - National coordinating institution setup within the ministry of transport who contracts rail services and secures the mid/long-term service provision - Concrete service provision definition by the federal state (above institution) to secure full territorial service coverage (irrespective of financial attractiveness of routes) and including night train services - Necessary enactment of a long-distance passenger transport law and adaptions to the Eisenbahnregulierungsgesetz (ERegG) and air transport law (LuFV).	medium	long	10German Zero p. 241ff	German Zero p. 241ff	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
248	Transport		Increase public transport frequency	public transport frequency	Shift	fiscal	Legal obligation for public transportfrequencyDescription: public transport frequencies: all stops at least every hour every day, half-hourly on weekdays. Obligation for local public transport tenderers to tender hourly services. Securing of federal finance.	Legal obligation for public transportfrequency	public transport frequencies: all stops at least every hour every day, half-hourly on weekdays. Obligation for local public transport tenderers to tender hourly services. Securing of federal finance.	short	medium	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
249	Transport		widen public transport service coverage to all villages	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	regulation	Legal obligation for public transportavailabilityDescription: public transport as public welfare provision: every village with public transport stop	Legal obligation for public transportavailability	public transport as public welfare provision: every village with public transport stop	medium	medium	10; 22Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
250	Transport		Local public transport financing: Employer contributions	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	economic	employer pay local public transport feeDescription: Employers pay 2.6% in urban centers, in rural regions 0.55% of wages. Higher contributions for facilities inducing more traffic (See FR: 0.55-2.6% of wage to finance local PT). Applicable only to employers >10 employees, exemption for 10 years after establishment.	employer pay local public transport fee	Employers pay 2.6% in urban centers, in rural regions 0.55% of wages. Higher contributions for facilities inducing more traffic (See FR: 0.55-2.6% of wage to finance local PT). Applicable only to employers >10 employees, exemption for 10 years after establishment.	short	medium	16 DEGerman Zero p. 244	German Zero p. 244	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
251	Transport		Local public transport financing: One-time contribution for establishing public transport accessability	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	economic	Accessability fee for building ownersDescription: Introduce a one-time accessability fee for building owners to finance public transport connection (similar as other [gas, water, sidewalk, road] development fees). Replace existing obligation for parking lots	Accessability fee for building owners	Introduce a one-time accessability fee for building owners to finance public transport connection (similar as other [gas, water, sidewalk, road] development fees). Replace existing obligation for parking lots	short	medium	20German Zero p. 244	German Zero p. 244	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
252	Transport		Increase attractiveness of public transport by lower network tariffs	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	Lower network tariffsDescription: By national support, e.g. orientation at marginal costs, or targeted rebates for new offers	Lower network tariffs	By national support, e.g. orientation at marginal costs, or targeted rebates for new offers	short	short	20German Zero p. 240; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	German Zero p. 240; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
253	Transport		Ticket tax reduction	public transport price	Shift	economic	VAT rebate for long-distance rail travelsDescription: Reduction of VAT to level of public provision goods (7%)	VAT rebate for long-distance rail travels	Reduction of VAT to level of public provision goods (7%)	short	short	10NECP DE p. 246	NECP DE p. 246	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
254	Transport		Long distance public transport prices: price reform	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	ticket reform, price reductionDescription: Long distance public transport ticket reform: decreasing prices	ticket reform, price reduction	Long distance public transport ticket reform: decreasing prices	short	short	16 DKTransport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
255	Transport		Long distance public transport prices: cheaper abos	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	cheaper rail abonnementsDescription: Long distance public transport ticket reform: more economic route-abos and BC50, BC100	cheaper rail abonnements	Long distance public transport ticket reform: more economic route-abos and BC50, BC100	short	short	20; 22Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
256	Transport		Financial relief for rail	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	Electricity tax reductionDescription: Lower rail electricity tax (currently 1.14ct/kWh, second-highest in EU) or dismiss (as in 8 other EU countries)	Electricity tax reduction	Lower rail electricity tax (currently 1.14ct/kWh, second-highest in EU) or dismiss (as in 8 other EU countries)	short	short	20; 22German Zero p. 240	German Zero p. 240	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
257	Transport		Light rail construction	public transport network: availability of connections	Shift	fiscal	National grants for light rail constructionDescription: Grants for the establishment of light rail transits and further lines (DK: in Aarhus and Odense). In DE, expansion of existing light rail networks and establishment of new networks in urban areas.	National grants for light rail construction	Grants for the establishment of light rail transits and further lines (DK: in Aarhus and Odense). In DE, expansion of existing light rail networks and establishment of new networks in urban areas.	medium	medium	10NECP DK p. 95	NECP DK p. 95	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
258	Transport		More attractive local public transport prices	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	365€ ticketDescription: Local yearly public transport ticket @365€	365€ ticket	Local yearly public transport ticket @365€	short	short	20Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
259	Transport		Local public transport prices	public transport price	Shift	fiscal	Free local public transport tickets, alternative financing, service expansionDescription: Generally free local public transport (tax financed). This instrument needs to be accompanied by infrastructure and service expansion to meet expectedly largely increasing public transport demand.	Free local public transport tickets, alternative financing, service expansion	Generally free local public transport (tax financed). This instrument needs to be accompanied by infrastructure and service expansion to meet expectedly largely increasing public transport demand.	short	short	16 DETransport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88	Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
260	Transport		Improvement of rail infrastructure	public transport frequency	Shift	fiscal	network enhancement for overtaking long freight trainsDescription: In the German rail network, rails are often shared between short/long-distance passenger trains and freight trains. Especially slower and long (EU standard: 740m) freight trains need to be overtaken. Over the last years, parallel and overtaking tracks have rather been reduced. The network needs enhancement with respective overtaking tracks.	network enhancement for overtaking long freight trains	In the German rail network, rails are often shared between short/long-distance passenger trains and freight trains. Especially slower and long (EU standard: 740m) freight trains need to be overtaken. Over the last years, parallel and overtaking tracks have rather been reduced. The network needs enhancement with respective overtaking tracks.	medium	long	10German Zero p. 239	German Zero p. 239	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
261	Transport		P&R infrastructure		Shift	fiscal	P&R + mobility hubsDescription: Mandatory P&R facilities where sufficient bus connection is not possible. Incl. mobility hub (incl. car sharing)	P&R + mobility hubs	Mandatory P&R facilities where sufficient bus connection is not possible. Incl. mobility hub (incl. car sharing)	medium	medium	10Transport model logic	Transport model logic	https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme	Johannes Thema	01/2022
262	Transport		Inform population on climate effects of mobility (options)		Shift	not specified	Information campaign and platformDescription: Information campaign Climate 2050 and information platform containing target group-specific information explaining national climate policy (goal: citzens think and know about how to contribute personally to climate issues)	Information campaign and platform	Information campaign Climate 2050 and information platform containing target group-specific information explaining national climate policy (goal: citzens think and know about how to contribute personally to climate issues)	short	short	10; 7NECP DE p. 78f	NECP DE p. 78f	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
265	Transport		Better incentives higher fossil prices and avoid fuel tourism	gasoline price	Shift, General	economic	Reform EU energy tax directiveDescription: Increase of minimum taxation, harmonisation	Reform EU energy tax directive	Increase of minimum taxation, harmonisation	medium	medium	16 NLGerman Zero p. 223; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 28ff	German Zero p. 223; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 28ff	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
266	Transport		Improve relative attractiveness of public transport	gasoline price, public transport price	Shift	economic	Higher taxes on fossil fuels, lower taxes on electricityDescription: Surcharge tax on top of energy tax for gas (rising) and electricity (falling). Current additional taxation scheme: Carbon tax for heat and transport sectors. Implemented within the "Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" (BEHG) as tax ("fixed price") until 2025, then price corridor in ETS. Path and corridor see https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/199/1919929.pdf Art 1.2	Higher taxes on fossil fuels, lower taxes on electricity	Surcharge tax on top of energy tax for gas (rising) and electricity (falling). Current additional taxation scheme: Carbon tax for heat and transport sectors. Implemented within the "Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" (BEHG) as tax ("fixed price") until 2025, then price corridor in ETS. Path and corridor see https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/199/1919929.pdf Art 1.2	medium	medium	22NECP NL p. 63	NECP NL p. 63	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
267	Transport		less road space, more space for bicycles and pedestrians	modal split	Shift	regulation	Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructureDescription: Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure (may be initially pop-up, then long-term implementation)	Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure	Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure (may be initially pop-up, then long-term implementation)	short	short	22Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
268	Transport		operate with true costs of mobility options	gasoline price, public transport price	Avoid	fiscal	Eliminate environmentally harmful subsidiesDescription: Reduce all non-sustainable subsides: Fuels (diesel, aviation fuel), infrastructure (roads, airports), vehicles (company cars), flat-rate commuter allowance	Eliminate environmentally harmful subsidies	Reduce all non-sustainable subsides: Fuels (diesel, aviation fuel), infrastructure (roads, airports), vehicles (company cars), flat-rate commuter allowance	short	short	10Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87	https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7607	Johannes Thema	01/2022
269	Transport		Increase security in cycling/walking		Shift	regulation	Doubling assistant for freight vehiclesDescription: doubling assistant for freight vehicles to avoid collisions with cyclists	Doubling assistant for freight vehicles	doubling assistant for freight vehicles to avoid collisions with cyclists	short	medium	16 IEGerman Zero p. 206	German Zero p. 206	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
270	Transport		Cap total transport emissions		General	regulation	transport carbon budgetDescription: 5-year carbon budgets at the national level	transport carbon budget	5-year carbon budgets at the national level	medium	medium	16 PTNECP IE p. 74	NECP IE p. 74	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Johannes Thema	01/2022
273	Transport		Reduce transport emissions		General	regulation	GHG reduction targetsDescription: Effective transport emission reduction targets for 2025 and 2030, with targets increasing exponentially. Target year 2035 climate neutrality.	GHG reduction targets	Effective transport emission reduction targets for 2025 and 2030, with targets increasing exponentially. Target year 2035 climate neutrality.	medium	medium	16 MTGerman Zero p. 200	German Zero p. 200	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
274	Transport		Reduce transport emissions	gasoline price	General	regulation	ETS for transportDescription: Cap-and-trade for transport emissions (only delayed implementation possible)	ETS for transport	Cap-and-trade for transport emissions (only delayed implementation possible)	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 46f	German Zero p. 46f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
275	Transport		Increase multi-modality		General	fiscal	investments in infrastructure Description: Support of multi-modality through investment in infrastructure at mode nodes.	investments in infrastructure	Support of multi-modality through investment in infrastructure at mode nodes.	medium	medium	10Matthias et al. 2020	Matthias et al. 2020	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536	Johannes Thema	01/2022
276	Transport		make flying more expensive	km of flights	General	economic	aviation carbon taxDescription: Support Europe-wide initiatives to introduce standardised carbon pricing in the aviation sector	aviation carbon tax	Support Europe-wide initiatives to introduce standardised carbon pricing in the aviation sector	medium	medium	15NECP BE p. 105	NECP BE p. 105	https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en	Benjamin Best	01/2022
191	Transport: freight		Micro-hubs for delivery	motorised delivery kms	Shift	fiscal	Micro-hub promotionDescription: Promotion of micro-hubs for courier, express and parcel services, terminals in combined transport with automated loading.	Micro-hub promotion	Promotion of micro-hubs for courier, express and parcel services, terminals in combined transport with automated loading.	medium	medium	16 BEWuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86	Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86	https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606	Johannes Thema	01/2022
264	Transport: freight		Improvement of rail infrastructure (freight transport)		Shift	fiscal	Improve rail interoperability (EU)Description: Improve digital signalling systems and interoperability (ETCS), and digital coupling/freight	Improve rail interoperability (EU)	Improve digital signalling systems and interoperability (ETCS), and digital coupling/freight	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 209	German Zero p. 209	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
277	Transport: freight		Supportive regulatory framework	modal split	Shift	regulation	EU MS regulation harmonisationDescription: Shifting goods to rail is more beneficial the longer the distances. Germany should lobby for a reform of the 30-year old directive 92/106/EWG and 1072/2007/EG to define "combined transport" and "closest terminal"	EU MS regulation harmonisation	Shifting goods to rail is more beneficial the longer the distances. Germany should lobby for a reform of the 30-year old directive 92/106/EWG and 1072/2007/EG to define "combined transport" and "closest terminal"	medium	long	10German Zero p. 248	German Zero p. 248	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
278	Transport: freight		Extend interconnection infrastructure	modal split	Shift	fiscal	financial support of road-rail connectivity infrastructureDescription: Establish goods-shifting infrastructure at nodes for cost-efficient shift from/to road/rail. Investment in infrastructure and subsidies for interconnectivity. Example: AT	financial support of road-rail connectivity infrastructure	Establish goods-shifting infrastructure at nodes for cost-efficient shift from/to road/rail. Investment in infrastructure and subsidies for interconnectivity. Example: AT	medium	long	10German Zero p. 249	German Zero p. 249	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
279	Transport: freight		Better rail connection of new commercial/industrial zones	modal split	Shift	regulation	Mandatory rail connectionDescription: designate new commercial/industrial zones only with rail grid connection if high transport volume to be expected	Mandatory rail connection	designate new commercial/industrial zones only with rail grid connection if high transport volume to be expected	medium	long	10German Zero p. 250	German Zero p. 250	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
280	Transport: freight		Reduce road freight transport	road freight price	Avoid	economic	Extend and increase freight tollDescription: -Freight toll should cover all vehicles >3.5t and on all roads incl. buses to internalise external road costs. -differentiation of tariffs by emissions and electricity consumption -tariffs rising progressively by distance to incentivise shift to rail for longer distances -limit exemptions for EVs (only at very early market stage) -dispose of mandatory use of toll income for road construction (possibility to invest in rail/waterways) -lobby at EU level to be able to fully internalise external noise and pollution costs	Extend and increase freight toll	-Freight toll should cover all vehicles >3.5t and on all roads incl. buses to internalise external road costs. -differentiation of tariffs by emissions and electricity consumption -tariffs rising progressively by distance to incentivise shift to rail for longer distances -limit exemptions for EVs (only at very early market stage) -dispose of mandatory use of toll income for road construction (possibility to invest in rail/waterways) -lobby at EU level to be able to fully internalise external noise and pollution costs	medium	medium	10German Zero p. 255f	German Zero p. 255f	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
281	Transport: freight		Reduce air freight transport	air freight price	Avoid	economic	Air freight taxationDescription: The current air taxation only covers tickets, not freight. GZ proposes a taxation by weight or volume of air freight.	Air freight taxation	The current air taxation only covers tickets, not freight. GZ proposes a taxation by weight or volume of air freight.	medium	medium	0German Zero p. 272	German Zero p. 272	https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf	Johannes Thema	01/2022
0	explanation / metadata		info: Activity induced by policy instrument to reach the goal	info: Indicator(s) addressed by the policy instrument and/or that can serve to monitor policy impact	info: ASI categorisation, see e.g. Best et al. (2022)	info: Instrument types according to UNFCCC (2000)	info: Unique name of the policy instrument that explains the policy to some extentDescription: info: Slightly more detailed description of the respective policy instrument	info: Unique name of the policy instrument that explains the policy to some extent	info: Slightly more detailed description of the respective policy instrument	info: Rough estimate of time until possible implementation	info: Rough estimate of time between implementation and impact	cite as: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/	cite as: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/	https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database	info: Name of person who inserted / proposed the policy	info: Date (mm/yyyy) of introduction of policy in the database

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