Lizenz: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).
Zitiervorschlag: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/
| ID | Sector | Goal / policy strategy | Measure / action | Indicator | Sufficiency Type | Instrument Type | Policy Instrument | Policy Instrument Description | Time horizon implementation | Time horizon impact | Full Reference | Intro by | Intro date | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ID | Sector | Goal / policy strategy | Measure / action | Indicator | Sufficiency Type | Instrument Type | Policy Instrument Hover | Policy Instrument | Policy Instrument Description | Time horizon implementation | Time horizon impact | Reference Hover | Full Reference | Reference URL | Intro by | Intro date |
| 1 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | economic | animal protein taxDescription: meat tax or animal protein tax |
animal protein tax | meat tax or animal protein tax | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51; Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f; German Zero p. 437 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 2 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | education | school-based programsDescription: school-based intervention programs for a healthy diet |
school-based programs | school-based intervention programs for a healthy diet | medium | medium | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 3 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | regulation | food labellingDescription: standardised food labelling in relation to the carbon footprint |
food labelling | standardised food labelling in relation to the carbon footprint | medium | medium | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 4 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | information | mass media campaignsDescription: communication and mass media campaigns for a vegetarian and climate-friendly diet |
mass media campaigns | communication and mass media campaigns for a vegetarian and climate-friendly diet | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 51 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 5 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | other | action plan on mass cateringDescription: action plan on mass catering to increase the offer of vegetarian and vegan dishes e.g. in cantines, care institutions etc |
action plan on mass catering | action plan on mass catering to increase the offer of vegetarian and vegan dishes e.g. in cantines, care institutions etc | short | medium | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 6 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | voluntary agreements | voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantinesDescription: employers/cantines follow WHO-recommendations |
voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines | employers/cantines follow WHO-recommendations | short | short | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 7 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | research and development | research and development for better meat substitute productsDescription: develop better meat substitute products: R&D programmes |
research and development for better meat substitute products | develop better meat substitute products: R&D programmes | short | medium | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 8 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | other | Masterplan with nutritional recommendations compatible with the Paris AgreementDescription: Plan: Elaboration of a masterplan for nutritional recommendations, against the background of the Paris Agreement targets. |
Masterplan with nutritional recommendations compatible with the Paris Agreement | Plan: Elaboration of a masterplan for nutritional recommendations, against the background of the Paris Agreement targets. | medium | long | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 9 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | economic | Taxation of animal productsDescription: Development of pricing instruments for consumption incentivisation (e.g. establishment of alternative proteine sources), internalisation of external effects. |
Taxation of animal products | Development of pricing instruments for consumption incentivisation (e.g. establishment of alternative proteine sources), internalisation of external effects. | short | short | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 10 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | information | Education/information for sustainable nutritionDescription: Education and consulting for sustainable, climate-friendly and healthy nutrition. |
Education/information for sustainable nutrition | Education and consulting for sustainable, climate-friendly and healthy nutrition. | medium | medium | NECP DE p. 76; Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 11 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | regulation | minimum standards and labelling for food offersDescription: strengthening of sustainability criteria (minimum standards) for food offers in federal office buildings, optional labelling of climate impacts on food offers in federal office buildings |
minimum standards and labelling for food offers | strengthening of sustainability criteria (minimum standards) for food offers in federal office buildings, optional labelling of climate impacts on food offers in federal office buildings | medium | medium | NECP DE p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 12 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | no more exports of animal products | kg of exported meat | Avoid | fiscal | cancellation of export subsidies for animal productsDescription: cancellation of export subsidies for animal products |
cancellation of export subsidies for animal products | cancellation of export subsidies for animal products | short | short | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 349f | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 13 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock, Reduction of mineral fertilizer use | Reduction of live stock, Reduction of mineral fertilizer use | livestock units per hectare, kg of mineral fertilizer | Avoid | economic | EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer Description: emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction |
EU wide emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer | emission trading for animal products and mineral fertilizer including cap and stepwise reduction | medium | long | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 14 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | reduction of live stock | livestock units per hectare | Avoid | economic | Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmersDescription: Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers |
Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers | Increase air pollution tax for livestock and poultry farmers | short | medium | NECP LT p. 80 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 15 | Agri-Food | Closed nutrient cycle, Reduction of live stock | reduction of live stock | livestock units per hectare | Avoid | regulation | regulate maximum livestock unit per hectareDescription: upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm) |
regulate maximum livestock unit per hectare | upper limit of 1.5 livestock units per hectar (per farm) | short | medium | German Zero p. 408 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 16 | Agri-Food | Closed nutrient cycle, Reduction of live stock | reduction of live stock | nitrogen content of soil and water | Avoid | regulation | regulation on nitrogen limitDescription: stricter nitrogen limits to protect drinking water |
regulation on nitrogen limit | stricter nitrogen limits to protect drinking water | short | medium | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 17 | Agri-Food | Reduction of live stock | diet shift | consumed animal products/capita | Shift | information | consulting bodies on healthy nutritionDescription: Establishment of local consulting gremium that develops recommendations for healthy nutrition. |
consulting bodies on healthy nutrition | Establishment of local consulting gremium that develops recommendations for healthy nutrition. | medium | long | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 18 | Agri-Food | Reduction of mineral fertilizer use | reduction of mineral fertilizer use | kg of mineral fertilizer | Avoid | economic | price on mineral fertilizer within CAP or as taxDescription: CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); the instrument will also foster inland farming of legumes |
price on mineral fertilizer within CAP or as tax | CAP (Common Agricultural Policy); the instrument will also foster inland farming of legumes | medium | medium | German Zero p. 409; NECP LT p. 78 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 19 | Agri-Food | Urban / regional production and processing | buy more regional products | share of regional products | Shift | information | label for food from the regionDescription: support regional food e.g. on local markets |
label for food from the region | support regional food e.g. on local markets | short | medium | EnSu Praxisbeirat 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/beiraete/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 20 | Agri-Food | Urban / regional production and processing | local food production and processing | share of regional products | Shift | information | information on local food production/processing Description: Revitalise interest in local food production and processing to shorten the food supply chain. |
information on local food production/processing | Revitalise interest in local food production and processing to shorten the food supply chain. | medium | medium | NECP SI p. 70 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 21 | Agri-Food | Reduction of food waste | Reduction of food waste | food waste in kg/capita | Avoid | other | development of a network of distribution platforms and food platformsDescription: We encourage the development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms. Distribution platforms cover the supply and demand of food surpluses in a given region and organise the logistics of these flows. In food platforms, surpluses are transformed into new food products and then distributed. |
development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms | We encourage the development of a network of distribution platforms and food platforms. Distribution platforms cover the supply and demand of food surpluses in a given region and organise the logistics of these flows. In food platforms, surpluses are transformed into new food products and then distributed. | medium | medium | NECP BE p. 114f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 22 | Agri-Food | Reduction of food waste | reduction of food waste | food waste in kg/capita | Avoid | voluntary agreements | voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantinesDescription: voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines |
voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines | voluntary self-commitment of employers/cantines | short | short | NECP ES (EN) p. 128 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 23 | Agri-Food | Reduction of food waste | reduction of food waste | food waste in kg/capita | Avoid | information | information campaigns on food-wasteDescription: information campaigns on food-waste |
information campaigns on food-waste | information campaigns on food-waste | medium | medium | Association négaWatt 2017; NECPs: AT, BE, DE, GR, FR, NL, LT, ES, PT, LU, SK | https://negawatt.org/IMG/pdf/synthese_scenario-negawatt_2017-2050.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 24 | Agri-Food | Protection from overconsumption | less consumption of climate harmful food and drinks | emissions of food and drinks | Avoid | regulation | marketing ban of climate harmful foods and drinksDescription: ban of advertisement of climate harmful foods and drinks |
marketing ban of climate harmful foods and drinks | ban of advertisement of climate harmful foods and drinks | medium | long | Bürgerrat Klima p. 24 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en, https://buergerrat-klima.de/content/pdfs/B%C3%BCrgerrat%20Klima%202021_Das%20B%C3%BCrgergutachten.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 25 | Agri-Food | Urban / regional production and processing | community gardens | share of regional products | Shift | fiscal | funding and support of community gardensDescription: Empty, unused areas can be converted into gardens to make them available for the production of food for the communitiy. The EU, member states and local governments need to fund and support the promotion and implementation of these community gardens. |
funding and support of community gardens | Empty, unused areas can be converted into gardens to make them available for the production of food for the communitiy. The EU, member states and local governments need to fund and support the promotion and implementation of these community gardens. | medium | long | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 26 | Buildings | Reduce energy consumption | reduce heating temperature | average °C room temperature | Avoid | information | information about energy savings by reduced heating temperatureDescription: information for household of options to reduce and effects from reducing the room heat temperature (e.g. by 1 degree 20 to 19 degree C) |
information about energy savings by reduced heating temperature | information for household of options to reduce and effects from reducing the room heat temperature (e.g. by 1 degree 20 to 19 degree C) | short | short | Öko-Institut & Fraunhofer ISI 2015 p. 118 | https://www.oeko.de/oekodoc/2451/2015-608-de.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 27 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | facilitate moving | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | regulation | right to exchange flatsDescription: right to exchange flats between the tenants of two different flats without rise of rent (except flats where the landlord lives in the same house with not more than two flats) |
right to exchange flats | right to exchange flats between the tenants of two different flats without rise of rent (except flats where the landlord lives in the same house with not more than two flats) | short | medium | German Zero p. 366 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 28 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | facilitate moving | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | moving bonusDescription: moving bonus in case of switching from a bigger to a smaller flat |
moving bonus | moving bonus in case of switching from a bigger to a smaller flat | short | medium | German Zero p. 367 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 29 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | facilitate moving / facilitate sub-leasing / flexibilisation of living space | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | information | moving adviceDescription: municipal advisory offices for moving, sublease and home exchange (main target group: elderly people living on more than 80m2) |
moving advice | municipal advisory offices for moving, sublease and home exchange (main target group: elderly people living on more than 80m2) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 30 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | flexibilisation of living space | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | information | advice for change of useDescription: advice from municipal advisory offices regarding building regulations for switching usage or adapting houses |
advice for change of use | advice from municipal advisory offices regarding building regulations for switching usage or adapting houses | short | medium | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 31 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | increase use of existing buildings | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | information | monitoring vacanciesDescription: monitoring vacancies and provide concepts for intermediate use of empty buildings and areas (municipal advisory offices) |
monitoring vacancies | monitoring vacancies and provide concepts for intermediate use of empty buildings and areas (municipal advisory offices) | short | medium | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 32 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | facilitate sub-leasing | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | fiscal relief for subleasingDescription: fiscal relief for long-term subleasing room in the own household (not for touristic subleasing) |
fiscal relief for subleasing | fiscal relief for long-term subleasing room in the own household (not for touristic subleasing) | short | short | German Zero p. 368 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 33 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | secure space for living instead of tourist sub-letting | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | regulation | protection of living space by control numbersDescription: control of sub-leasing of a flat for tourist purpose by living space protection numbers (permanent rule) |
protection of living space by control numbers | control of sub-leasing of a flat for tourist purpose by living space protection numbers (permanent rule) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 369 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 34 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | Secure supply of smaller flats to meet demand | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | subsidies for small flatsDescription: subsidy for municipalities when building small flats (<40qm) |
subsidies for small flats | subsidy for municipalities when building small flats (<40qm) | short | medium | German Zero p. 372 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 35 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | Secure supply of smaller flats to meet demand | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | Subsidy for splitting Single-Family-HousesDescription: financial subsidy for structural partitioning of single family houses under the condition of subleasing (or sale) of part of it |
Subsidy for splitting Single-Family-Houses | financial subsidy for structural partitioning of single family houses under the condition of subleasing (or sale) of part of it | short | medium | German Zero p. 371 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 36 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | support housing cooperatives | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | investment grants for housing cooperativesDescription: investment grants for housing cooperatives are necessary because they do not profit from depreciation rates like the commercial housing construction. the grants must include an upper limit for living space measured in m²/person: 30m² for a single person an 15m² for every additional one. |
investment grants for housing cooperatives | investment grants for housing cooperatives are necessary because they do not profit from depreciation rates like the commercial housing construction. the grants must include an upper limit for living space measured in m²/person: 30m² for a single person an 15m² for every additional one. | short | medium | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 37 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | support housing cooperatives | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | financial support for buying shares of housing cooperativesDescription: (Increase) subsidy/premia for buying housing coop shares. |
financial support for buying shares of housing cooperatives | (Increase) subsidy/premia for buying housing coop shares. | short | medium | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 38 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | reward sufficient living spaces | m2 living space/capita, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | bonus payment for living on small spaceDescription: bonus for having less living space (at primary residence) than regional or municipal average (also for shared living concepts) |
bonus payment for living on small space | bonus for having less living space (at primary residence) than regional or municipal average (also for shared living concepts) | short | medium | German Zero p. 373 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 39 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduce use-phase energy consumption of new buildings to zero | energy intensity of new buildings, land consumption m2/year | General | regulation | standard zero energy houseDescription: minimum standard: zero energy houses when new built (Gebäudeenergiegesetz); this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. |
standard zero energy house | minimum standard: zero energy houses when new built (Gebäudeenergiegesetz); this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. | short | medium | German Zero p. 349 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 40 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduce use-phase energy consumption of new buildings to zero | energy intensity of new buildings, land consumption m2/year | Avoid | regulation | relate energy efficiency standards for buildings to the real expected demandDescription: So far, the energy efficiency that has to be met by a building is referred to a reference building. It should be instead referred to the real expected demand; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. |
relate energy efficiency standards for buildings to the real expected demand | So far, the energy efficiency that has to be met by a building is referred to a reference building. It should be instead referred to the real expected demand; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. | short | medium | German Zero p. 349 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 41 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduce life-cycle footprint of new buildings to zero | energy intensity of new buildings, land consumption m2/year | General | regulation | building permit depending on eco-footprintDescription: life cycle CO2-balance of new buildings as criterion for building permit; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. |
building permit depending on eco-footprint | life cycle CO2-balance of new buildings as criterion for building permit; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. | short | long | German Zero p. 349, 353 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 42 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduce life-cycle footprint of new buildings to zero | energy intensity of new buildings, land consumption m2/year | Avoid | fiscal | support for new buildings only when climate friendlines above standardDescription: Only new buildings that fulfill criteria above standard receive support, e.g. plus energy houses, buldings with high percentage of circularity, short transport routes of building materials or high use of renewable resources; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. |
support for new buildings only when climate friendlines above standard | Only new buildings that fulfill criteria above standard receive support, e.g. plus energy houses, buldings with high percentage of circularity, short transport routes of building materials or high use of renewable resources; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. | short | medium | German Zero p. 349 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 43 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduce life-cycle footprint of new buildings to zero | energy intensity of new buildings, land consumption m2/year | Avoid | regulation | energy and CO2 standards for public buildingsDescription: public buildings at least zero energy house standard + CO2 life cycle maximum, high level of circularity; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. |
energy and CO2 standards for public buildings | public buildings at least zero energy house standard + CO2 life cycle maximum, high level of circularity; this measure is expected to reduce new building rates. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 350 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 44 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | reduction of "grey emissions" | energy and resource intensity of construction material | Shift | regulation | life cycle assessment required for registration of building materialsDescription: life cycle assessment required for registration of building materials, should only be permitted if better than comparable products on the market |
life cycle assessment required for registration of building materials | life cycle assessment required for registration of building materials, should only be permitted if better than comparable products on the market | short | medium | German Zero p. 353 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 45 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | more renewable raw materials | energy and resource intensity of construction material | Shift | regulation | reduce barriers for wood as construction materialDescription: Change regulatory restrictions for use of woods in buildings (esp. with fire prevention regulations). Incl. technical norm reformulations. |
reduce barriers for wood as construction material | Change regulatory restrictions for use of woods in buildings (esp. with fire prevention regulations). Incl. technical norm reformulations. | short | medium | German Zero p. 355 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 46 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | more renewable raw materials | energy and resource intensity of construction material | Shift | research and development | commission for research renewable building materialsDescription: establishing a commision for research in renewable materials in construction |
commission for research renewable building materials | establishing a commision for research in renewable materials in construction | short | long | German Zero p. 356 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 47 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | more renewable raw materials | energy and resource intensity of construction material | Shift | fiscal | financial incentives for renewable building materialsDescription: financial incentives for renewable raw materials as construction material by bonus in building support or reduction of value-added tax |
financial incentives for renewable building materials | financial incentives for renewable raw materials as construction material by bonus in building support or reduction of value-added tax | short | medium | German Zero p. 356 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 48 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | more renewable raw materials | energy and resource intensity of construction material | Shift | economic | market incentives by CO2-price for concreteDescription: reduce exceptions in CO2-trade (thus price for concretes mirrors its climate impact/energy intensity) |
market incentives by CO2-price for concrete | reduce exceptions in CO2-trade (thus price for concretes mirrors its climate impact/energy intensity) | short | medium | German Zero p. 357 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 49 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | energy and resource intensity of construction material | General | regulation | withdrawal requirement for building componentsDescription: manufacturers are obligated to take back used construction components |
withdrawal requirement for building components | manufacturers are obligated to take back used construction components | short | medium | German Zero p. 360 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 50 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | Avoid | regulation | pre-demolition auditDescription: concept for dismantling required for building permit of new buildings, here reuse has to be considered first, then recycling |
pre-demolition audit | concept for dismantling required for building permit of new buildings, here reuse has to be considered first, then recycling | short | medium | German Zero p. 360 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 51 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | compulsory building documentationDescription: compulsory building documentation: materials, quality, construction, dismantling (Method of Building Information Modelling) |
compulsory building documentation | compulsory building documentation: materials, quality, construction, dismantling (Method of Building Information Modelling) | short | medium | German Zero p. 360 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 52 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | remove waste classification for used/usable construction componentsDescription: After demolition, construction components are usually classified as waste, connected to duties according to waste law, this makes it more difficult to sell those, excemption rule required |
remove waste classification for used/usable construction components | After demolition, construction components are usually classified as waste, connected to duties according to waste law, this makes it more difficult to sell those, excemption rule required | short | medium | German Zero p. 361 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 53 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | criteria catalogues for permission of building materialsDescription: A checklist with clear criteria would ease the permission for used building parts and building materials |
criteria catalogues for permission of building materials | A checklist with clear criteria would ease the permission for used building parts and building materials | short | medium | German Zero p. 361 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 54 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | fiscal | financial support for used building component markets and innovative conceptsDescription: support innovative concepts, markets and business models of used construction components by financial instruments to offset additional costs for approval procedures |
financial support for used building component markets and innovative concepts | support innovative concepts, markets and business models of used construction components by financial instruments to offset additional costs for approval procedures | short | medium | German Zero p. 361 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 55 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | flexible use of aggregates in concrete productionDescription: aggregates in concrete production should be flexibly adapted according to scientific knowledge. Higher percentages of RC-aggregates should be permitted |
flexible use of aggregates in concrete production | aggregates in concrete production should be flexibly adapted according to scientific knowledge. Higher percentages of RC-aggregates should be permitted | short | medium | German Zero p. 361 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 56 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | discourage waste disposal abroadDescription: duty of care for adequate recyling also for disposal abroad for the exporting company, to avoid inappropriate disposal and enhance options for recycling |
discourage waste disposal abroad | duty of care for adequate recyling also for disposal abroad for the exporting company, to avoid inappropriate disposal and enhance options for recycling | short | medium | German Zero p. 361 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 57 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | quota for reused/recycled building materialsDescription: e.g. 10% quota rising each year |
quota for reused/recycled building materials | e.g. 10% quota rising each year | short | medium | German Zero p. 362 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 58 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | priority for recycled materials in construction of public buildingsDescription: priority for secondary, ecological beneficial materials from all public entities, if there are problems regarding the economic principle of taking the cheapest option, one can add a fictious CO2-price. The amount of CO2 has to be provided in the life cycle assessment |
priority for recycled materials in construction of public buildings | priority for secondary, ecological beneficial materials from all public entities, if there are problems regarding the economic principle of taking the cheapest option, one can add a fictious CO2-price. The amount of CO2 has to be provided in the life cycle assessment | short | medium | German Zero p. 362 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 59 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | Avoid | economic | tax on primary construction materialDescription: tax on primary construction material, if recycled alternatives are available, this makes primary raw materials more expensive and secondary ones economically more attractive. Tax revenue should be used to support ressource efficient construction, e.g. R+D (Aggregates Levy (Gesteinskörnungs-Steuer) already exists in several EU-states) |
tax on primary construction material | tax on primary construction material, if recycled alternatives are available, this makes primary raw materials more expensive and secondary ones economically more attractive. Tax revenue should be used to support ressource efficient construction, e.g. R+D (Aggregates Levy (Gesteinskörnungs-Steuer) already exists in several EU-states) | short | medium | German Zero p. 363 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 60 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | enhance reuse/recycling of building parts and materials | % of reused/recycled building material | General | economic | Backfill taxDescription: tax on construction materials that could be recycled and are backfilled to landfill sites |
Backfill tax | tax on construction materials that could be recycled and are backfilled to landfill sites | short | medium | German Zero p. 365 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 61 | Buildings | Circularity in construction | local recycling facilities | transport for building materials, % of reused/recycled building material | General | regulation | areas for recycling of materials in land-use plansDescription: land-use plans provide areas for recycling of materials to shorten transport, recycling close to where it comes from is important since transport is decisive for CO2-balance of recycled/reused building materials |
areas for recycling of materials in land-use plans | land-use plans provide areas for recycling of materials to shorten transport, recycling close to where it comes from is important since transport is decisive for CO2-balance of recycled/reused building materials | short | medium | German Zero p. 365 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 62 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | limit land consumption to net-zero | land consumption m2/year | Avoid | regulation | upper limit for land consumption + allocation schemeDescription: allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities: distribution by inhabitants |
upper limit for land consumption + allocation scheme | allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities: distribution by inhabitants | short | medium | German Zero p. 376 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 63 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | limit land consumption to net-zero | land consumption m2/year | Avoid | economic | cap-and trade system for construction areaDescription: allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities including trading scheme |
cap-and trade system for construction area | allocation system for remaining area contigents to municipalities including trading scheme | medium | medium | German Zero p. 376 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 64 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | reduce urban sprawl | land consumption m2/year | Avoid | regulation | Withdraw possibility for speed-up construction in exterior areasDescription: Stop speeded-up processes for buildings in exterior areas (such as no public consultation), as this is mostly used in urban localities to set up new construction areas. |
Withdraw possibility for speed-up construction in exterior areas | Stop speeded-up processes for buildings in exterior areas (such as no public consultation), as this is mostly used in urban localities to set up new construction areas. | short | short | German Zero p. 377 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 65 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | reduce urban sprawl | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | fiscal | abolish commuter allowanceDescription: making it less attractive to live far from the working place (esp. in the city) by abolishing the commuter allowance, hardship provision would be necessary |
abolish commuter allowance | making it less attractive to live far from the working place (esp. in the city) by abolishing the commuter allowance, hardship provision would be necessary | short | medium | German Zero p. 378 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 66 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | reduce urban sprawl | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | fiscal | stopping incentives for new build single family housesDescription: example: Baukindergeld. If supporting families to get a house, support should only be for buying or renovating an old piece of real estate (Gebrauchtimmobilie) - at least 10 years old |
stopping incentives for new build single family houses | example: Baukindergeld. If supporting families to get a house, support should only be for buying or renovating an old piece of real estate (Gebrauchtimmobilie) - at least 10 years old | short | medium | German Zero p. 378 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 67 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | mobilise unused areas | m2 unused living space | Avoid | information | cadastre for unused areasDescription: mobilise unused areas within the building stock by recording them in a cadastre (law on national level obliges municipalities) |
cadastre for unused areas | mobilise unused areas within the building stock by recording them in a cadastre (law on national level obliges municipalities) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 379 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 68 | Buildings | Efficient use of living space | protect existing living space | m2 unused living space | Avoid | regulation | prohibition of misuse of living spaceDescription: intensifying the prohibition of misuse that prevents usage of living space |
prohibition of misuse of living space | intensifying the prohibition of misuse that prevents usage of living space | short | short | German Zero p. 379 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 69 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | vertical densification | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | fiscal | tax advantages for vertical densificationDescription: support vertical densification by tax advantages (e.g. increase depreciation percentage |
tax advantages for vertical densification | support vertical densification by tax advantages (e.g. increase depreciation percentage | short | medium | German Zero p. 380 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 70 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | vertical densification | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | reduce approval requirements for house-top story additionDescription: facilitate house-top storey addition for new living space by less approval requirements - e.g no approval procedure is necessary, there is not requirement to include a lift etc. |
reduce approval requirements for house-top story addition | facilitate house-top storey addition for new living space by less approval requirements - e.g no approval procedure is necessary, there is not requirement to include a lift etc. | short | medium | German Zero p. 380 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 71 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | vertical densification | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | fiscal | support scheme for roof extensionsDescription: house-top storey addition: investment support + incentives for energy efficient building |
support scheme for roof extensions | house-top storey addition: investment support + incentives for energy efficient building | short | medium | German Zero p. 381 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 72 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | horizontal densification | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | reduced requirements for min. distance requirements in case of retrofitsDescription: reduced requirements for min. distance requirements in case of retrofits/modification, securing legal compatibility with neighbor rights, technical and urban development |
reduced requirements for min. distance requirements in case of retrofits | reduced requirements for min. distance requirements in case of retrofits/modification, securing legal compatibility with neighbor rights, technical and urban development | short | short | German Zero p. 382 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 73 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | flexibilisation modifications/retrofit | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | ease fire regulations for retrofitsDescription: in case of retrofit/modification, fire protection needs can also be met by fire warning devices without doing constructional fire protection; improves the fire protection compared to before retrofit and lowers the barrier for refit |
ease fire regulations for retrofits | in case of retrofit/modification, fire protection needs can also be met by fire warning devices without doing constructional fire protection; improves the fire protection compared to before retrofit and lowers the barrier for refit | short | medium | German Zero p. 382 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 74 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | flexibilisation of usage | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | designing development plans with diverse and mixed useDescription: easier change of use, e.g. from offices to living spaces |
designing development plans with diverse and mixed use | easier change of use, e.g. from offices to living spaces | short | medium | German Zero p. 383 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 75 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | flexibilisation of usage | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | fiscal | loans for conversion to living spaceDescription: promotional loans for conversion to living space in cities |
loans for conversion to living space | promotional loans for conversion to living space in cities | short | medium | German Zero p. 383 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 76 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | reduce need for parking space | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space | Avoid | regulation | abolish obligation for car parking spacesDescription: abolish the need for parking spaces in front of buildings except for disabled people and bikes; more place for buildings etc. |
abolish obligation for car parking spaces | abolish the need for parking spaces in front of buildings except for disabled people and bikes; more place for buildings etc. | short | medium | German Zero p. 384 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 77 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | reduce need for parking space | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, area used for parking space | Avoid | regulation | abolish priviliges for underground parking spacesDescription: no priviliges for underground parking space in the construction planning law |
abolish priviliges for underground parking spaces | no priviliges for underground parking space in the construction planning law | short | medium | German Zero p. 384 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 78 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | reduce demolition of living space, increase renovation rate, upcycling/circularity/lifecycle emissions | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | introduction of a wrecking permitDescription: wrecking permit is only granted if the CO2-balance of an energetic renovation is worse than replacement construction |
introduction of a wrecking permit | wrecking permit is only granted if the CO2-balance of an energetic renovation is worse than replacement construction | short | medium | German Zero p. 385 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 79 | Buildings | Support development of the building stock | reduce demolition of living space | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area | Avoid | regulation | time limit for replacement constructionDescription: time limit for finalisation of replacement construction of two years |
time limit for replacement construction | time limit for finalisation of replacement construction of two years | short | medium | German Zero p. 386 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 80 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | support inner-city green areas | m3 green/m2 city area | Avoid | regulation | determine green area factor for city planningDescription: for city planning a certain factor has to be met, e.g. average green volume (m3) per area (m2) |
determine green area factor for city planning | for city planning a certain factor has to be met, e.g. average green volume (m3) per area (m2) | short | long | German Zero p. 386 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 81 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | support inner-city green areas | m3 green/m2 city area | Avoid | fiscal | social just distribution of green areas in citiesDescription: green areas should be especially added in districts with high poverty and few green areas, thus introducing a mechanism that introduces more green areas where people with lower income or smaller living space per person life |
social just distribution of green areas in cities | green areas should be especially added in districts with high poverty and few green areas, thus introducing a mechanism that introduces more green areas where people with lower income or smaller living space per person life | medium | long | German Zero p. 386 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 82 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | support inner-city green areas | m3 green/m2 city area | Avoid | regulation | cumpulsory green for new and retrofitted buildingsDescription: cumpulsory green on wall and/or roof in development areas and new built and retrofitted buildings if technically feasible |
cumpulsory green for new and retrofitted buildings | cumpulsory green on wall and/or roof in development areas and new built and retrofitted buildings if technically feasible | short | medium | German Zero p. 387 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 83 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | support inner-city green areas | m3 green/m2 city area | Avoid | fiscal | financial support for green on buildingsDescription: financial support for green on buildings (upon application by muncipalities to the federal state in case of e.g. district development |
financial support for green on buildings | financial support for green on buildings (upon application by muncipalities to the federal state in case of e.g. district development | short | medium | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 84 | Buildings | Sustainable settlement development | support inner-city green areas | m3 green/m2 city area | Avoid | information | building greening adviceDescription: advice for building owners about green on buildings (free of charge) |
building greening advice | advice for building owners about green on buildings (free of charge) | short | medium | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 85 | Buildings | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | training push sufficient building | % of reused/recycled building material, energy and resource intensity of construction material, energy intensity of new buildings | Avoid | education | training offensive for sufficient buildingDescription: training push for craftsmen: renewable building materials, energetic renovation, climate-positive building (in education, advanced training, retraining) |
training offensive for sufficient building | training push for craftsmen: renewable building materials, energetic renovation, climate-positive building (in education, advanced training, retraining) | short | long | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 86 | Buildings | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | training push for need-based buildings (new/rebuild) | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, m2 unused living space | Avoid | fiscal | financial and social upgrading of professions in the construction sectorDescription: monthly bonus for trainees |
financial and social upgrading of professions in the construction sector | monthly bonus for trainees | short | long | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 87 | Buildings | Climate-friendly construction | training push for need-based buildings (new/rebuild) | land consumption m2/year, density capita/area, m2 unused living space | Avoid | education | financial and social upgrading of professions in the construction sectorDescription: information for youth at schools, offer some of the education at universities of applied sciences |
financial and social upgrading of professions in the construction sector | information for youth at schools, offer some of the education at universities of applied sciences | medium | long | German Zero p. 388 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Frauke Wiese | 01/2022 | |
| 88 | cross-sectoral | Alternative Welfare Indicators | Accept a steady state of the economy, rollback of growth policy - No growth of the national economy, from 2030: average zero growth, post-growth | GDP | General | not specified | introduce beyond-GDP measurementDescription: Policymakers should look beyond GDP when making decisions and assessments, taking a broader view to include, for example, indicators of health, education and the ecological footprint. There are already many existing measures that include these factors, such as the wellbeing index implemented in Scotland and New Zealand. |
introduce beyond-GDP measurement | Policymakers should look beyond GDP when making decisions and assessments, taking a broader view to include, for example, indicators of health, education and the ecological footprint. There are already many existing measures that include these factors, such as the wellbeing index implemented in Scotland and New Zealand. | medium | medium | UBA GreenSupreme p. 199, 379; Jackson 2013 | https://www.umweltbundesamt.de/publikationen/transformationsprozess-treibhausgasneutrales-ressourcenschonendes-deutschland-greensupreme | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 89 | cross-sectoral | More conscious use of resources | Better incentives by fuel taxation reform | Shift | economic | inflation indexingDescription: Absolute tax-levels should be indexed to avoid devaluation of taxes (as DK, NL, SE) |
inflation indexing | Absolute tax-levels should be indexed to avoid devaluation of taxes (as DK, NL, SE) | short | short | German Zero p. 223 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 90 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Information in education | General | education | Climate-related curriculaDescription: Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes |
Climate-related curricula | Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes | medium | long | NECP LT p. 92 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 91 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | More energy savings in companies | energy use of companies | Avoid | fiscal | reduced energy subsidies for companiesDescription: reduced energy subsidies for companies |
reduced energy subsidies for companies | reduced energy subsidies for companies | short | short | NECP EE p. 169 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 92 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | decarbonise the economy and society | CO2 emissions | General | economic | carbon pricingDescription: trajectory of carbon pricing to induce behavioural change and avoid locking in of carbon intensive technologies |
carbon pricing | trajectory of carbon pricing to induce behavioural change and avoid locking in of carbon intensive technologies | medium | medium | NECP IE | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 93 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | decarbonise the economy and society | CO2 emissions | General | economic | carbon taxDescription: fiscal neutral green tax reform; CO2 tax introduction with average price of neighbour countries |
carbon tax | fiscal neutral green tax reform; CO2 tax introduction with average price of neighbour countries | medium | medium | NECPs: BE (A) p. 129, SE p. 41, 76ff, PT p. 86, FI p. 18, 88, EE p. 88, CY p. 110, LU p. 61, DK p. 79, LV p. 109, SI p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 94 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | decarbonise the heat and transport sector | CO2 emissions | General | economic | carbon tax for heat and transportDescription: Carbon tax for heat and transport (= non-ETS) sectors |
carbon tax for heat and transport | Carbon tax for heat and transport (= non-ETS) sectors | short | medium | NECPs: DE p. 241, HR p. 83, AT p. 171 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 95 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | support low-carbon products | CO2 emissions | General | economic | tax incentives for low-carbon productsDescription: tax incentives for low-carbon products e.g. for soft mobility and use of modes of transport other than private cars (walking, cycling, public transport) |
tax incentives for low-carbon products | tax incentives for low-carbon products e.g. for soft mobility and use of modes of transport other than private cars (walking, cycling, public transport) | short | short | NECPs: PT p. 86, BE p. 104, 106 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 96 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | keep cumulated CO2 emissions below a set target | CO2 emissions | General | regulation | national 5-year carbon budgetDescription: Ireland will adopt five-year carbon budgets at the national level following recommendations by a strengthened, statutorily independent Climate Action Council. Three five-year budgets (i.e. up to 2035 in the first instance) would be approved by the Government and by the Dáil. In addition, the Government is proposing to set target ranges and trajectories for each sector within the overall carbon budget. It is proposed that considerations, such as distributional effects and cost effectiveness, will be taken into account in the establishment of budgets and target ranges on the basis of criteria to be set out in the legislation. The governance of the plan will follow the approach successfully applied in the Action Plan for Jobs. A very detailed list of actions and measures are assigned at Department level and implementation will be monitored and reported on a quarterly basis under the supervision of the Department of the Taoiseach. |
national 5-year carbon budget | Ireland will adopt five-year carbon budgets at the national level following recommendations by a strengthened, statutorily independent Climate Action Council. Three five-year budgets (i.e. up to 2035 in the first instance) would be approved by the Government and by the Dáil. In addition, the Government is proposing to set target ranges and trajectories for each sector within the overall carbon budget. It is proposed that considerations, such as distributional effects and cost effectiveness, will be taken into account in the establishment of budgets and target ranges on the basis of criteria to be set out in the legislation. The governance of the plan will follow the approach successfully applied in the Action Plan for Jobs. A very detailed list of actions and measures are assigned at Department level and implementation will be monitored and reported on a quarterly basis under the supervision of the Department of the Taoiseach. | medium | medium | NECP IE p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 97 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | less energy and electricity use | energy and electricity use | General | economic | energy and electricity taxation reformDescription: energy and electricity taxation reform |
energy and electricity taxation reform | energy and electricity taxation reform | short | short | NECPs: DE p. 240, SE p. 41, 76ff, FI p. 18, 88, DK p. 79 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 98 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | sensibilisation of citizens | reduced energy service demand | General | information | information campaign for a low-carbon economyDescription: Awareness raising and information campaigns towards a low-carbon economy and climate-friendly lifestyles |
information campaign for a low-carbon economy | Awareness raising and information campaigns towards a low-carbon economy and climate-friendly lifestyles | short | short | NECPs: DE p. 78, PT p. 58, LV p. 106 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 99 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | climate-friendly behaviour of tourists & infrastructure of tourism sector | energy use | General | information | instrument mix of information and awareness componentsDescription: Information and awareness programmes will be launched for both tourists and Greek tourism and catering professionals through specific tools, such as the development of targeted energy inspections, the establishment of energy and environmental footprint criteria and reporting on certification and energy signalling schemes |
instrument mix of information and awareness components | Information and awareness programmes will be launched for both tourists and Greek tourism and catering professionals through specific tools, such as the development of targeted energy inspections, the establishment of energy and environmental footprint criteria and reporting on certification and energy signalling schemes | short | short | NECP GR p. 225 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 100 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | decarbonise electricity production | emission factor of electricity production | General | economic | levies on energy productsDescription: increase levies on energy products used for producing electricity |
levies on energy products | increase levies on energy products used for producing electricity | short | short | NECP IT p. 138 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 101 | cross-sectoral | Steering investments | make environmentally damaging activities more expensive | reduced energy service demand | General | fiscal | cut back environmentally damaging subsidiesDescription: cut back environmentally damaging subsidies |
cut back environmentally damaging subsidies | cut back environmentally damaging subsidies | short | short | NECPs: IT p. 170f, PT p. 86, PL p. 118, SI p. 76 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 102 | cross-sectoral | Steering investments | no subsidies for environmentally damaging activities anymore | reduced energy service demand | General | fiscal | abolish environmentally damaging subsidiesDescription: abolish environmentally damaging subsidies |
abolish environmentally damaging subsidies | abolish environmentally damaging subsidies | short | short | NECP LT p. 131 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 103 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Integration of climate-related education into all levels of education and higher education programmes | climate-related issues in curricula | General | education | climate-related educationDescription: climate-related education |
climate-related education | climate-related education | medium | long | NECPs: LT p. 92, PT p. 58, LU p. 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 104 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | reduce HFC emissions | HFC emissions | General | economic | HFC taxDescription: HFC tax |
HFC tax | HFC tax | short | short | NECP FR p. 85 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 105 | cross-sectoral | GHG emission limits and reduction | decarbonise municipalities and companies | GHG emissions of municipalities and companies | General | other | municipal and company low-carbon plans incl. emission reportingDescription: Develop low-carbon plans and strategies by municipalities and companies including transparent calculation and reporting of GHG emissions at a local level and at companies |
municipal and company low-carbon plans incl. emission reporting | Develop low-carbon plans and strategies by municipalities and companies including transparent calculation and reporting of GHG emissions at a local level and at companies | medium | long | NECP PT p. 65 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 106 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about sufficiency options | strengthen local energy and climate agencies | General | information | build-up or strenghten energy and climate agenciesDescription: Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors |
build-up or strenghten energy and climate agencies | Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors | medium | medium | NECP PT p. 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 107 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | incentivise end-use savings | kWh electricity used | General | economic | progressive electricity tariffsDescription: Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases. |
progressive electricity tariffs | Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases. | medium | medium | NECP MT p. 82 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 108 | cross-sectoral | Sustainable settlement development | foster ecology and circular economy issues in the local quarter | General | not specified | finance local quarter ecology and circular economy administratorsDescription: publicly financed local quarter administrators for fostering ecology and circular economy issues |
finance local quarter ecology and circular economy administrators | publicly financed local quarter administrators for fostering ecology and circular economy issues | medium | medium | NECP LU p. 141 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 109 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | promotion of energy savings | kWh consumed energy | General | information | informational measures on energy saving measures for consumersDescription: Consumer information and training programmes: Electricity retails publish on their websites energy saving tips; companies have consultants on energy efficiency to help customers reduce their energy consumption without expensive investments and complex repairs; the measure is supported by regional and local governments countrywide. The initiatives envisage the establishment of consumer councils, organising consumer days and a number of campaigns in regional and municipal centres where customers can learn how to save energy. |
informational measures on energy saving measures for consumers | Consumer information and training programmes: Electricity retails publish on their websites energy saving tips; companies have consultants on energy efficiency to help customers reduce their energy consumption without expensive investments and complex repairs; the measure is supported by regional and local governments countrywide. The initiatives envisage the establishment of consumer councils, organising consumer days and a number of campaigns in regional and municipal centres where customers can learn how to save energy. | short | short | NECP BG p. 135 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 111 | cross-sectoral | Limit externalisation | Ban on externalisation of environmental and social costs as unfair competition | General | regulation | Include Allmende in Corporate LawDescription: Inclusion of externalization in competition and corporate law. Externalization is included in the Unfair Competition Act (UWG). A new paragraph 12 in Section 4 UWG could state: a person acts unfairly (and can therefore be sued by a competitor for relief) if he gains a competitive advantage by omitting to take measures that are necessary to preserve a common good that he uses. |
Include Allmende in Corporate Law | Inclusion of externalization in competition and corporate law. Externalization is included in the Unfair Competition Act (UWG). A new paragraph 12 in Section 4 UWG could state: a person acts unfairly (and can therefore be sued by a competitor for relief) if he gains a competitive advantage by omitting to take measures that are necessary to preserve a common good that he uses. | medium | medium | Scherhorn 2012 | https://band1.dieweltdercommons.de/essays/gerhard-scherhorn-die-welt-als-allmende-fur-ein-gemeingutersensitives-wettbewerbsrecht/#fnref-580-5 | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 112 | cross-sectoral | Limit luxury consumption | Implementation of gift taxes (beyond a certain base amount) | General | economic | Gift TaxDescription: Gift taxes are political instruments that place a burden on the transfer of wealth. They can minimise social patterns of wealth formation related to inheritance rather than individual achievements. The implementation of gift taxes can increase distributive justice, which would in turn lead to increased equality of opportunity. |
Gift Tax | Gift taxes are political instruments that place a burden on the transfer of wealth. They can minimise social patterns of wealth formation related to inheritance rather than individual achievements. The implementation of gift taxes can increase distributive justice, which would in turn lead to increased equality of opportunity. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 113 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Research funds for nutrition, living, mobility, and the quality of life in cities | General | research and development | R&D Good LifeDescription: In order to understand what is important for a good life and how this can be achieved in a sustainable way, all political levels can step up research in this area with additional funding. |
R&D Good Life | In order to understand what is important for a good life and how this can be achieved in a sustainable way, all political levels can step up research in this area with additional funding. | medium | long | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 114 | cross-sectoral | Promote commons | Incentives for regional governments to provide basic goods as commons | regional products | Shift | fiscal | local & regional commonsDescription: The EU and member states transfer (financial) incentives to local governments to provide essential basic services/common goods that enable wellbeing and social prosperity (e.g. electricity, public transport, housing and access to nature). |
local & regional commons | The EU and member states transfer (financial) incentives to local governments to provide essential basic services/common goods that enable wellbeing and social prosperity (e.g. electricity, public transport, housing and access to nature). | short | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 115 | cross-sectoral | More conscious use of resources | Common trusts / "Sky Trust" | Shift | regulation | Common trustsDescription: A commons trust is a legal entity responsible for protecting a shared asset. Because it is common property, the commons are insulated from any claims by private individuals, business, government or other trusts. Trustees appointed by the stakeholders undertake legal and fiscal responsibility for the long-term preservation, use or production of commons. Many types of commons can be managed with trusts (such as land, air, water) to benefit the public as a whole and future generations. The commons trust concept builds on the cap-and-dividend idea and implies that resources like land, air, water are commonly shared and that depleting them comes at a cost. The more that is used or polluted, the higher the price of an additional “right to use/pollute” unit. This not only provides financial incentives to protect environmental resources but also has a social component: the returns can either be invested in the common good or distributed equally among citizens. Consumers with resource-intensive lifestyles pay more than they receive, while those who cultivate sustainable lifestyles (i.e. primarily low-income earners) receive money. |
Common trusts | A commons trust is a legal entity responsible for protecting a shared asset. Because it is common property, the commons are insulated from any claims by private individuals, business, government or other trusts. Trustees appointed by the stakeholders undertake legal and fiscal responsibility for the long-term preservation, use or production of commons. Many types of commons can be managed with trusts (such as land, air, water) to benefit the public as a whole and future generations. The commons trust concept builds on the cap-and-dividend idea and implies that resources like land, air, water are commonly shared and that depleting them comes at a cost. The more that is used or polluted, the higher the price of an additional “right to use/pollute” unit. This not only provides financial incentives to protect environmental resources but also has a social component: the returns can either be invested in the common good or distributed equally among citizens. Consumers with resource-intensive lifestyles pay more than they receive, while those who cultivate sustainable lifestyles (i.e. primarily low-income earners) receive money. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 116 | cross-sectoral | Promote commons | Introduction of democratic commons | General | other | Democratic commonsDescription: Introducing democratic commons means reorganising the property that belongs to society as a whole. This could take place democratically via an executive committee consisting of representatives of authorities, employees, users, equal opportunity officers and lawyers. Democratic commons is a category of property in society, e.g. universities, schools, public utilities, railways, post offices, banks and kindergartens. |
Democratic commons | Introducing democratic commons means reorganising the property that belongs to society as a whole. This could take place democratically via an executive committee consisting of representatives of authorities, employees, users, equal opportunity officers and lawyers. Democratic commons is a category of property in society, e.g. universities, schools, public utilities, railways, post offices, banks and kindergartens. | medium | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 117 | cross-sectoral | Steering investments | Ban on environmentally damaging investments | GDP | General | regulation | Prohibit environmentally harmful investmentsDescription: Many environmentally harmful activities are financed by investments from the financial sector. Ministries of Finance and Environment can provide guidance to market participants by prohibiting investments that harm the environment, helping reallocate money towards sustainable investments. Therefore, a catalogue would have to be drawn up, which defines from when on which kind of investments are prohibited or regulated. |
Prohibit environmentally harmful investments | Many environmentally harmful activities are financed by investments from the financial sector. Ministries of Finance and Environment can provide guidance to market participants by prohibiting investments that harm the environment, helping reallocate money towards sustainable investments. Therefore, a catalogue would have to be drawn up, which defines from when on which kind of investments are prohibited or regulated. | medium | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 118 | cross-sectoral | Local tourism | Tax benefits for sustainable tourism industry and strengthening of local tourism | pkm | Avoid | fiscal | Tax benefits local tourismDescription: The EU member states need fo find measures such as taxes or environmental standards for the tourism industry to include environmental costs in the price of tourism-related services. At the same time regional and local tourism need to be revalorised and promoted. |
Tax benefits local tourism | The EU member states need fo find measures such as taxes or environmental standards for the tourism industry to include environmental costs in the price of tourism-related services. At the same time regional and local tourism need to be revalorised and promoted. | medium | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 119 | cross-sectoral | De-commercialisation | Condition regional development funding to the respect of public space quotas | % of non-commercial public space | General | fiscal | Condition funding to public space quotasDescription: Regional development funding of the EU should be linked to regulations, which require a minimum space of public space free of compulsion to buy. This could be parks or librarys. |
Condition funding to public space quotas | Regional development funding of the EU should be linked to regulations, which require a minimum space of public space free of compulsion to buy. This could be parks or librarys. | short | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 120 | cross-sectoral | Protection from overconsumption | Regulation of online marketing | number of products | Avoid | regulation | Restrict online marketingDescription: A selective ban on advertising allows to restrict personalized online advertising, pricing and situational marketing. Especially regulations on the evaluation and use of online movement profiles are recommended to restrict the manipulation of consumers and the generation of needs to stimulate consumption. This regulation is important to protect personal data and to reduce redundant consumption. |
Restrict online marketing | A selective ban on advertising allows to restrict personalized online advertising, pricing and situational marketing. Especially regulations on the evaluation and use of online movement profiles are recommended to restrict the manipulation of consumers and the generation of needs to stimulate consumption. This regulation is important to protect personal data and to reduce redundant consumption. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 121 | cross-sectoral | More conscious use of resources | Reduction of fossil fuel subsidies | fossil fuels | Avoid | fiscal | Reduce subsidies for fossil fuelsDescription: Fossil fuel is still highly subsidised in the EU member states – take the low taxes on air traffic, for example. This stands in stark contrast to decarbonisation goal. Reducing environmentally harmful subsidies is a pivotal step towards decarbonisation and has been demanded for many years. To soften the negative social side effects on low-income groups and simultaneously promote sustainable alternatives, the freed-up financial resources can be used for tax breaks on areas like public transportation or may be fully or partly reimbursed to the population. |
Reduce subsidies for fossil fuels | Fossil fuel is still highly subsidised in the EU member states – take the low taxes on air traffic, for example. This stands in stark contrast to decarbonisation goal. Reducing environmentally harmful subsidies is a pivotal step towards decarbonisation and has been demanded for many years. To soften the negative social side effects on low-income groups and simultaneously promote sustainable alternatives, the freed-up financial resources can be used for tax breaks on areas like public transportation or may be fully or partly reimbursed to the population. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 122 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Sustainability education | General | education | Sustainability educationDescription: Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels by emphasising human dependence on natural resources, climate change, sustainable life and wellbeing in different forms and levels of education. |
Sustainability education | Introduce and incentivise sustainability education in all levels by emphasising human dependence on natural resources, climate change, sustainable life and wellbeing in different forms and levels of education. | short | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 123 | cross-sectoral | Alternative Welfare Indicators | Transformation of the EU's Stability and Growth Pact into a Stability and Welfare Agreement | alt. welfare indices, GDP/material throughput as model input | General | other | EU Stability and Welfare AgreementDescription: This transformation was also proposed by more than 200 researchers in September 2018. The new agreement would not define economic growth as a policy objective, but focus on welfare measures instead of GDP and allow the role of public funding to increase ecological sustainability. |
EU Stability and Welfare Agreement | This transformation was also proposed by more than 200 researchers in September 2018. The new agreement would not define economic growth as a policy objective, but focus on welfare measures instead of GDP and allow the role of public funding to increase ecological sustainability. | medium | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 124 | cross-sectoral | Reduce energy consumption | Limitation of illumination | TWh | Avoid | regulation | Regulation of night-time outdoor lightingDescription: Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels at night due to artificial light. It is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation, impacting animal activity, inhibiting photosynthesis, and thus threatening ecosystems at large. It is recommended that unnecessary lighting, such as the illumination of buildings, advertisements and shop windows, be banned or at least limited. In addition to protecting the ecosphere, it also offers the opportunity to save substantial amounts of energy. |
Regulation of night-time outdoor lighting | Light pollution is the alteration of natural light levels at night due to artificial light. It is one of the most rapidly increasing types of environmental degradation, impacting animal activity, inhibiting photosynthesis, and thus threatening ecosystems at large. It is recommended that unnecessary lighting, such as the illumination of buildings, advertisements and shop windows, be banned or at least limited. In addition to protecting the ecosphere, it also offers the opportunity to save substantial amounts of energy. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 125 | cross-sectoral | Social innovations | Support social innovations | General | fiscal | Regulatory framework, subsidies, R&D support for social innovationsDescription: Social innovations play a key role in the transformation towards sustainable prosperity in Europe. They successively introduce and establish new forms of environmentally friendly and fair business, as well as sustainable lifestyles. The EU and its member states can actively support existing and future pioneers, including social enterprises, commons initiatives and ecovillages, by creating an enabling administrative, economic and legal environment. A promosing instrument would be the provision of financial help. |
Regulatory framework, subsidies, R&D support for social innovations | Social innovations play a key role in the transformation towards sustainable prosperity in Europe. They successively introduce and establish new forms of environmentally friendly and fair business, as well as sustainable lifestyles. The EU and its member states can actively support existing and future pioneers, including social enterprises, commons initiatives and ecovillages, by creating an enabling administrative, economic and legal environment. A promosing instrument would be the provision of financial help. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 126 | cross-sectoral | Equal society, Limit luxury consumption | Increase of the top tax rate to 100% for income above 20 times the minimum wage | Avoid | economic | Set upper income limit (by taxation)Description: States can introduce a top tax rate of 100 per cent linked to the minimum wage. It would effectively serve as an income cap, as the entire additional amount earned would have to go to the state and set a maximum income gap. Increasing the tax rates for top earners will be particularly relevant to counteract luxury consumption, inflated salaries and perverse incentives of the financial sector. |
Set upper income limit (by taxation) | States can introduce a top tax rate of 100 per cent linked to the minimum wage. It would effectively serve as an income cap, as the entire additional amount earned would have to go to the state and set a maximum income gap. Increasing the tax rates for top earners will be particularly relevant to counteract luxury consumption, inflated salaries and perverse incentives of the financial sector. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 127 | cross-sectoral | Equal society | Maximum pay differentials | Avoid | economic | Maximum Pay Differential by income taxationDescription: Multiple studies have found that citizens in more unequal societies reported lower wellbeing than people in more equal societies. Besides, highly unequal societies tend to fall apart. A maximum pay differential is a form of progressive income taxation and similar to a maximum wage. By tackling income inequality, the chances of achieving individual wellbeing can be increased. |
Maximum Pay Differential by income taxation | Multiple studies have found that citizens in more unequal societies reported lower wellbeing than people in more equal societies. Besides, highly unequal societies tend to fall apart. A maximum pay differential is a form of progressive income taxation and similar to a maximum wage. By tackling income inequality, the chances of achieving individual wellbeing can be increased. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 128 | cross-sectoral | Equal society | Progressive income taxes | Avoid | economic | Progressive Income TaxDescription: Progressive taxes impose a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with higher incomes, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay. Progressive tax systems reduce the tax burden on people who can least afford to pay them and allow people with the greatest amount of resources to fund a greater portion of the services all people and businesses rely on. |
Progressive Income Tax | Progressive taxes impose a lower tax rate on low-income earners compared to those with higher incomes, making it based on the taxpayer's ability to pay. Progressive tax systems reduce the tax burden on people who can least afford to pay them and allow people with the greatest amount of resources to fund a greater portion of the services all people and businesses rely on. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 129 | cross-sectoral | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Fund of research for sufficiency solutions | General | research and development | R&D for sufficiencyDescription: Despite the great potential of sufficiency strategies, not much attention is currently paid to this topic. Increased funding of research by the EU and member states in the field of sufficiency solutions, lifestyle changes and their potential for sustainability would be worthwhile. |
R&D for sufficiency | Despite the great potential of sufficiency strategies, not much attention is currently paid to this topic. Increased funding of research by the EU and member states in the field of sufficiency solutions, lifestyle changes and their potential for sustainability would be worthwhile. | medium | long | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 130 | cross-sectoral | Equal society | Inheritance taxes | Avoid | economic | Inheritance taxesDescription: The ability to keep one's wealth within a family reproduces inequality. This creates path-dependencies which promote unequal distribution of income and power positions. In order to break through these path-depedencies and create "equal starting positions" within the economic sphere, it is recommended to increase the inheritance tax and the charge on lifetime gifts to about 45 %. The inheritance tax can be used to create additional government revenues. |
Inheritance taxes | The ability to keep one's wealth within a family reproduces inequality. This creates path-dependencies which promote unequal distribution of income and power positions. In order to break through these path-depedencies and create "equal starting positions" within the economic sphere, it is recommended to increase the inheritance tax and the charge on lifetime gifts to about 45 %. The inheritance tax can be used to create additional government revenues. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 131 | cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Legal and tariff agreements to set caps on working hours | General | regulation | Caps on working hoursDescription: Unemployment is often cited as the central reason for the economy's dependence on growth. A cap on working hours, implemented through legal and tariff agreements by member states, can better distribute working time and decrease unemployment while improving wellbeing and health. |
Caps on working hours | Unemployment is often cited as the central reason for the economy's dependence on growth. A cap on working hours, implemented through legal and tariff agreements by member states, can better distribute working time and decrease unemployment while improving wellbeing and health. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 132 | cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Minimum holiday entitlement | General | regulation | Minimum holiday entitlementDescription: Minimum holiday entitlements is a means to reduce working time. Working time reduction decreases unemployment: Due to the ongoing technical progress, people are replaced by machines. Reducing working time enables a wider range of people to have access to work. In addition, within the last decades, productivity has increased, which means that more goods can be produced in a shorter time. However, this also leads to an increase in resource consumption and waste emissions. Besides environmental protection, wellbeing can also be improved through working time reduction. Minimum holiday entitlements set an incentive to reduce paid work per year. |
Minimum holiday entitlement | Minimum holiday entitlements is a means to reduce working time. Working time reduction decreases unemployment: Due to the ongoing technical progress, people are replaced by machines. Reducing working time enables a wider range of people to have access to work. In addition, within the last decades, productivity has increased, which means that more goods can be produced in a shorter time. However, this also leads to an increase in resource consumption and waste emissions. Besides environmental protection, wellbeing can also be improved through working time reduction. Minimum holiday entitlements set an incentive to reduce paid work per year. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 133 | cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Financial Incentives for working time reduction | General | fiscal | Fin. incentive for lower working timesDescription: income taxation structure progressive with working hours |
Fin. incentive for lower working times | income taxation structure progressive with working hours | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 134 | cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Lowering and flexibilization of retirement age | General | regulation | Lower retirement ageDescription: Governments can facilitate a reduction in working time by providing individuals with high levels of control over their own time. Introducing and promoting options and financial facilities for an earlier retirement age is one possible measure. A complementary option would be the institutionalisation of flexible retirement, i.e. offering the opportunity to either gradually phase-out or stay on the job for a longer time than formally required. Overall, reducing working time enables more people to have access to work and may improve health and wellbeing. |
Lower retirement age | Governments can facilitate a reduction in working time by providing individuals with high levels of control over their own time. Introducing and promoting options and financial facilities for an earlier retirement age is one possible measure. A complementary option would be the institutionalisation of flexible retirement, i.e. offering the opportunity to either gradually phase-out or stay on the job for a longer time than formally required. Overall, reducing working time enables more people to have access to work and may improve health and wellbeing. | medium | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 135 | cross-sectoral | Re-distribute and reduce paid work time | Agree with unions and companies on a four-day work week | General | other | Four-day work weekDescription: States, perhaps in cooperation with labour unions, could pass legislation or set incentives for companies to limit working days to four, or to reduce working hours (to around 30, for example). In the meantime, companies could move to lower their work hours independently, as has been done by organisations like Perpetual Guardian and Wildbit. Lower working hours reduce stress, increase employee health and happiness – and can even increase productivity. |
Four-day work week | States, perhaps in cooperation with labour unions, could pass legislation or set incentives for companies to limit working days to four, or to reduce working hours (to around 30, for example). In the meantime, companies could move to lower their work hours independently, as has been done by organisations like Perpetual Guardian and Wildbit. Lower working hours reduce stress, increase employee health and happiness – and can even increase productivity. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 136 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | reduced energy consumption in manufacturing | TWh | Avoid | fiscal | Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companiesDescription: Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies |
Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies | Eliminate tax reliefs for manufacturing companies | short | short | German Zero | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 137 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | increase energy efficiency + reduce energy service consumption | TWh | Avoid | information | consumer consulting and educationDescription: State actors and energy suppliers make agreements on consumer education and consulting |
consumer consulting and education | State actors and energy suppliers make agreements on consumer education and consulting | medium | medium | NECP LT p. 143 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 138 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | subsidise energy savings | TWh | Avoid | fiscal | energy savings feed-in tariffsDescription: The basic idea is to offer a fixed price subsidy for each unit of energy saved, which would incentivise households to save energy. |
energy savings feed-in tariffs | The basic idea is to offer a fixed price subsidy for each unit of energy saved, which would incentivise households to save energy. | medium | medium | Friends of the Earth Europe 2018 | http://www.foeeurope.org/sites/default/files/resource_use/2018/foee_sufficiency_booklet.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 139 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | information campaigns, energy audits and consultation | TWh | Avoid | information | information campaignsDescription: Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, there have been information campaigns trying to stimulate consumers to reduce energy consumption. Information campaigns can take several different forms from general advertisement campaigns (e.g. TV ads) to specific and tailored information provided to specific groups of end-users. When individuals are informed about their own energy use and given advice on how to lower their consumption, information campaigns are most effective. More targeted campaigns may have more success, but still the energy saving they generate fade way over time |
information campaigns | Since the oil crisis in the 1970s, there have been information campaigns trying to stimulate consumers to reduce energy consumption. Information campaigns can take several different forms from general advertisement campaigns (e.g. TV ads) to specific and tailored information provided to specific groups of end-users. When individuals are informed about their own energy use and given advice on how to lower their consumption, information campaigns are most effective. More targeted campaigns may have more success, but still the energy saving they generate fade way over time | medium | medium | Bertoldi 2017 | http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=7 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 140 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | providing individuals with comparisons with their peers’ energy use | TWh | Avoid | information | peer energy comparison Description: The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high. |
peer energy comparison | The EU member states could regulate that energy suppliers must add information on comparative energy demands for heating and electricity on bills for households and businesses. Thus, energy customers can compare whether their energy consumption tends to be too high. | medium | medium | Bertoldi 2017 | http://proceedings.eceee.org/vispanel.php?event=8 | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 141 | Energy | Reduce energy consumption | prepaid metering | TWh | Avoid | regulation | pre-paid meteringDescription: Instead of paying monthly charges, which are only billed at the end of the year, customers top up their credit for energy in advance. Policymakers could require utilities to offer a prepaid tariff. The smart meter rollout offers a good window of opportunity for this. |
pre-paid metering | Instead of paying monthly charges, which are only billed at the end of the year, customers top up their credit for energy in advance. Policymakers could require utilities to offer a prepaid tariff. The smart meter rollout offers a good window of opportunity for this. | medium | medium | Best & Wagner 2020 p. 74-77 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/deliver/index/docId/7610/file/7610_Best.pdf | Carina Zell-Ziegler | 01/2022 | |
| 142 | Industry / Production | Limit externalisation | Restrict energy imports | TWh energy import/year by source and sustainability criteria | Avoid | regulation | Regulation/standards for energy importsDescription: Import of energy carriers only if legally defined sustainability standards are met and if they are additionally produced renewables |
Regulation/standards for energy imports | Import of energy carriers only if legally defined sustainability standards are met and if they are additionally produced renewables | medium | medium | German Zero p. 90f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 143 | Industry / Production | More renewable materials | Increase the use of renewable materials in production: eliminate barriers for the usage of durable wood | material use | Shift | regulation | Eliminate barriers for wood-useDescription: Dismantle barriers that hinder the use of durable wood products (building regulations or regulations or technical material properties) |
Eliminate barriers for wood-use | Dismantle barriers that hinder the use of durable wood products (building regulations or regulations or technical material properties) | short | medium | NECP DE p. 137; LTS DE p. 69 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://ec.europa.eu/info/energy-climate-change-environment/implementation-eu-countries/energy-and-climate-governance-and-reporting/national-long-term-strategies_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 144 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduce non-recycable materials | material use | Avoid | economic | Tax non-recyclable materialsDescription: Reduce non-recyclable plastic; higher fees on the production of materials which are difficult to recycle |
Tax non-recyclable materials | Reduce non-recyclable plastic; higher fees on the production of materials which are difficult to recycle | medium | medium | NECP IE p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 145 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduce waste: ban waste exports | material use | Avoid | regulation | Ban waste exportsDescription: Complete ban on exporting waste out of the EU |
Ban waste exports | Complete ban on exporting waste out of the EU | short | long | German Zero p. 131 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 146 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | obligation for waste exporters to control their contract partners | material use | Avoid | regulation | Responsibility for waste exportersDescription: Waste exporters should be obliged to ensure that their contract partner actually recycles the waste properly. |
Responsibility for waste exporters | Waste exporters should be obliged to ensure that their contract partner actually recycles the waste properly. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 131 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 147 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduce waste: extenstion of the liability for waste export violations | material use | Avoid | regulation | Liability for waste export violationsDescription: Extend liability for violations: Liability under administrative offenses should be introduced for cases in which waste export companies violate the due diligence obligation. |
Liability for waste export violations | Extend liability for violations: Liability under administrative offenses should be introduced for cases in which waste export companies violate the due diligence obligation. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 131 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 148 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduce waste: prohibit the destruction of returned goods | material use | Avoid | regulation | Ban destcruction of returned goodsDescription: Prohibition of destruction of returned goods. As of today, the destruction of returned goods (e-commerce) is often the cheapest option. This instrument would clearly ban the destruction of returned goods. In Germany, a legal option for a ban is given in the context of the Verordnungsermächtigung in § 24 Nr. 10 KrWG. |
Ban destcruction of returned goods | Prohibition of destruction of returned goods. As of today, the destruction of returned goods (e-commerce) is often the cheapest option. This instrument would clearly ban the destruction of returned goods. In Germany, a legal option for a ban is given in the context of the Verordnungsermächtigung in § 24 Nr. 10 KrWG. | short | short | German Zero p. 132 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 149 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Integrate life cycle / environmental footprint in product labels | material use | General | information | Product label environmental footprintDescription: Cumpulsory ecological product labelling including environmental life cycle footprint |
Product label environmental footprint | Cumpulsory ecological product labelling including environmental life cycle footprint | short | medium | German Zero p. 133f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 150 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | EU-wide unification of monitoring systems for life cycle information of products | material use | General | regulation | Unify product tracking systemsDescription: Establishing an EU-system for tracking the life cycle of a product |
Unify product tracking systems | Establishing an EU-system for tracking the life cycle of a product | short | medium | German Zero p. 134 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 151 | Industry / Production | Durability of products | Product warranty statement in plain language | material use | General | information | Information, Eco-WarrantyDescription: Obligation for product warranty statement formulated in an understandabel manner by the manufacturer |
Information, Eco-Warranty | Obligation for product warranty statement formulated in an understandabel manner by the manufacturer | short | medium | German Zero p. 138 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 152 | Industry / Production | Durability of products | Oblige producers to include a disclosure on the minimum lifetime of products | product lifetime, material use | General | information | Minimum LifetimeDescription: Mandatory disclosure on the minimum lifetime of product. |
Minimum Lifetime | Mandatory disclosure on the minimum lifetime of product. | short | medium | German Zero p. 139 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 153 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Regulate repair/replacement-decisions | repair quota, material use | Avoid | regulation | No choice between repair vs. new productDescription: Not the consumer, but the producer decides whether a product can be repaired or needs to replaced. |
No choice between repair vs. new product | Not the consumer, but the producer decides whether a product can be repaired or needs to replaced. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 144f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 154 | Industry / Production | Durability of products | Define the joint liability of seller and producer/manufacturer | material use | Avoid | regulation | Regress Trade&ProductionDescription: Joint liability for products of seller and producer/manufacturer, based on a warranty declaration. |
Regress Trade&Production | Joint liability for products of seller and producer/manufacturer, based on a warranty declaration. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 139 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 155 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Standards for reparability | repair quota, material use | Shift | regulation | Regulate repairDescription: Standards for reparability for several products (adjust Eco-Design-Directive), Products have to be designed in such a way that they can be repaired easily. A minimum requiry could be that products can be disassemble and reassembled in a non-destructive way and without special tools. |
Regulate repair | Standards for reparability for several products (adjust Eco-Design-Directive), Products have to be designed in such a way that they can be repaired easily. A minimum requiry could be that products can be disassemble and reassembled in a non-destructive way and without special tools. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 140f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 156 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Access to spare parts | repair quota, material use | Shift | regulation | Access to spare partsDescription: Producers are obliged to provide access to spare parts and special tools for all actors including repair-initiatives, consumers |
Access to spare parts | Producers are obliged to provide access to spare parts and special tools for all actors including repair-initiatives, consumers | short | medium | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 157 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Access to repair information | repair quota, material use | Shift | information | Access to repair informationDescription: Information necessary for repair is available quickly and easily for all. A manufacturer may charge a reasonable fee for providing information. |
Access to repair information | Information necessary for repair is available quickly and easily for all. A manufacturer may charge a reasonable fee for providing information. | short | medium | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 158 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Access to affordable spare parts | repair quota, material use | Shift | regulation | Access to affordable spare partsDescription: Access to affordable spare parts (legal right for appropriate pricing) |
Access to affordable spare parts | Access to affordable spare parts (legal right for appropriate pricing) | short | medium | German Zero p. 141 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 159 | Industry / Production | Durability of products | Minimal compatibility of software | product lifetime, material use | Shift | regulation | Minimal compatibility of softwareDescription: Minimum compatibility periods for new softwar with existing hardware. |
Minimal compatibility of software | Minimum compatibility periods for new softwar with existing hardware. | short | medium | German Zero p. 113 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 160 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | VAT-reduction for repair | repair quota, material use | Shift | economic | VAT-reduction for repairDescription: Reduction of value-added tax for repair service and repaired products |
VAT-reduction for repair | Reduction of value-added tax for repair service and repaired products | short | short | German Zero p. 142 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 161 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Pay a "repair bonus" | repair quota, material use | Shift | fiscal | Subsidise repairDescription: Repair Bonus: 50% of the costs for repair up to 100 Euro are subsidiesed |
Subsidise repair | Repair Bonus: 50% of the costs for repair up to 100 Euro are subsidiesed | short | short | German Zero p. 143 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 162 | Industry / Production | Repairability of products | Customers can make repair by themselves. | repair quota, material use | Shift | regulation | Regulate product replacementDescription: "Selbstvornahme" repair by customer - paid by seller/manufacturer |
Regulate product replacement | "Selbstvornahme" repair by customer - paid by seller/manufacturer | short | medium | German Zero p. 145 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 163 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduction of waste/precycling: obligatory reusable packaging | material use | Shift | regulation | Obligation for reusable packagingDescription: Obligation to offer reusable packaging, e. g. reusable alternatives in the take-away sector, and deposit fee for reusable beverage cups and reusable food packaging. |
Obligation for reusable packaging | Obligation to offer reusable packaging, e. g. reusable alternatives in the take-away sector, and deposit fee for reusable beverage cups and reusable food packaging. | short | short | German Zero p. 146f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 164 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduction of waste/precycling: ban microplastics | material use | Shift | regulation | Ban microplasticsDescription: European ban on added microplastics in all products |
Ban microplastics | European ban on added microplastics in all products | short | long | German Zero p. 150 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 165 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | expiration of tax exemptions for material uses of fossil fuels | recyclate use | Shift | fiscal | No subsidies for material uses of fossil fuelsDescription: Expiration of the tax exemption for material uses of fossil fuels (not used as heating or fuel). |
No subsidies for material uses of fossil fuels | Expiration of the tax exemption for material uses of fossil fuels (not used as heating or fuel). | short | medium | German Zero p. 152 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 166 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | minimum quota for recyclates | recyclate use | Shift | regulation | quota for recyclatesDescription: Quota (minimum use rate) for recyclates in consumer goods packaging, e.g. 7%. Whether a quota at this level is technically possible, or whether even a higher percentage may be possible, must be technically examined. The quota should then be progressively increased and adjusted on a product-specific basis. |
quota for recyclates | Quota (minimum use rate) for recyclates in consumer goods packaging, e.g. 7%. Whether a quota at this level is technically possible, or whether even a higher percentage may be possible, must be technically examined. The quota should then be progressively increased and adjusted on a product-specific basis. | short | medium | German Zero p. 152 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 167 | Industry / Production | Steering investments | Climate protection as a mandatory criterion in procurement | CO2 emissions | Shift | regulation | Eco-procurementDescription: Bids in public procurement / tender are only to be accepted if climate protection is considered |
Eco-procurement | Bids in public procurement / tender are only to be accepted if climate protection is considered | short | medium | German Zero p. 166 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 168 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Establishing a National Circular Economy Strategy | material use, land use | Shift | other | Establishing a National Circular Economy StrategyDescription: National Circular Economy Strategy: establishing an institutional framework and incentives for Circular Economy, including waste prevention/precycling |
Establishing a National Circular Economy Strategy | National Circular Economy Strategy: establishing an institutional framework and incentives for Circular Economy, including waste prevention/precycling | medium | long | NECP GR p. 108 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 169 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduction of waste/precycling: ‘green corners’ in city shops (zero waste) | material use | Avoid | fiscal | Subsidise Zero Waste Shops and Green CornersDescription: In order to reduce the production of waste and GHGs, a non-repayable economic contribution is allocated for the trial of ‘green corners’ in city shops; here loose or on-draught products are sold, starting with smaller establishments with a view to eventually opening entirely ‘green’ shops; |
Subsidise Zero Waste Shops and Green Corners | In order to reduce the production of waste and GHGs, a non-repayable economic contribution is allocated for the trial of ‘green corners’ in city shops; here loose or on-draught products are sold, starting with smaller establishments with a view to eventually opening entirely ‘green’ shops; | short | short | NECP IT p. 130 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 170 | Industry / Production | More conscious use of resources | Reduction of waste/precycling: information campaigns to reduce the use of disposable plastics | material use | Avoid | information | Launch awareness raising campaignsDescription: Information, training and awareness-raising campaigns in schools etc. to reduce the use of disposable plastics and non-recyclable packaging |
Launch awareness raising campaigns | Information, training and awareness-raising campaigns in schools etc. to reduce the use of disposable plastics and non-recyclable packaging | short | short | NECP IT p. 130 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 171 | Industry / Production | urban / regional production and processing | local and regional design, production and repair | share of local products, tkm | Shift | information | Introduce a logo for local productsDescription: Introduce logo for Designed/Made/Grown/Repaired in and around a city (region) to revitalise interest in local production and shorten transport kilometers |
Introduce a logo for local products | Introduce logo for Designed/Made/Grown/Repaired in and around a city (region) to revitalise interest in local production and shorten transport kilometers | short | short | NECP BE p. 127 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 172 | Industry / Production | Protection from overconsumption | marketing ban for energy- and resource-intensive products in the appliances sector (active products) | energy, resource use | Avoid | regulation | marketing banDescription: ban on the marketing of energy-intensive domestic appliances |
marketing ban | ban on the marketing of energy-intensive domestic appliances | short | short | NECP BE p. 127 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 173 | Industry / Production | Reduce energy consumption | Reduce overlighting during nighttime | energy use, TWh | Avoid | regulation | Lighting ban (night)Description: From 1 a.m. or one hour after leaving the building, lights must be switched off in offices, stores and public buildings. Illuminated advertising is switched off overnight. The violation of the law is punishable by 750 euros. |
Lighting ban (night) | From 1 a.m. or one hour after leaving the building, lights must be switched off in offices, stores and public buildings. Illuminated advertising is switched off overnight. The violation of the law is punishable by 750 euros. | short | short | Zell-Ziegler et al. 2021 | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301421521003530 | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 174 | Industry / Production | Protection from overconsumption | Limit or ban advertisement in public space | number of products | General | regulation | Ban adsDescription: Implementation of advertising bans |
Ban ads | Implementation of advertising bans | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 175 | Industry / Production | Protection from overconsumption | Limit or ban advertisement in public space | number of products | General | economic | Cap & trade adsDescription: Implementation of advertising quotas and trading of advertising rights. |
Cap & trade ads | Implementation of advertising quotas and trading of advertising rights. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 176 | Industry / Production | Protection from overconsumption | Ban on advertising to children under 12 | Avoid | regulation | Ban advertisments for childrenDescription: Advertisement is used to influence consumption. Experts widely agree that children below the age of 12 cannot effectively recognise advertising and are not yet able to adopt critical attitudes towards it. |
Ban advertisments for children | Advertisement is used to influence consumption. Experts widely agree that children below the age of 12 cannot effectively recognise advertising and are not yet able to adopt critical attitudes towards it. | short | short | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | ||
| 177 | Industry / Production | Durability of products | Provision of data for open source production of spare parts | repair quota, lifetime of products | General | regulation | Open Data for ProductsDescription: Manufacturers are obliged to provide data that allows consumers to repair items on their own instead of buying new ones in case of single broken parts. This may reduce the level of consumption and new skills can be learned. |
Open Data for Products | Manufacturers are obliged to provide data that allows consumers to repair items on their own instead of buying new ones in case of single broken parts. This may reduce the level of consumption and new skills can be learned. | short | medium | Sustainable Prosperity Database | https://sustainable-prosperity.eu/ | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 178 | LULUCF | Steer and reduce agricultural area | No agricultural use of wetlands | ha of wetlands under protection | Avoid | regulation | regulate use of wetlands (no agricultural use)Description: Prohibition of agricultural use (exception potentially: paludiculture, to be researched). Areas to be secured by means of cataster registration. |
regulate use of wetlands (no agricultural use) | Prohibition of agricultural use (exception potentially: paludiculture, to be researched). Areas to be secured by means of cataster registration. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 421 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 179 | LULUCF | Steer and reduce agricultural area | No agricultural use of wetlands | ha of wetlands under protection | Avoid | fiscal | exclude agricultural use of wetlands from agricultural subsidies (EU policy)Description: Restructure land-based subsidies in EU common agricultural policy: phase out subsidies for agricultural use of drained wetlands, inclusion of paludiculture as fully subsidy-receiving. Additional financial support for switch to paludiculture. |
exclude agricultural use of wetlands from agricultural subsidies (EU policy) | Restructure land-based subsidies in EU common agricultural policy: phase out subsidies for agricultural use of drained wetlands, inclusion of paludiculture as fully subsidy-receiving. Additional financial support for switch to paludiculture. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 422 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 180 | LULUCF | Steer and reduce agricultural area | Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use from 5 to 10% | ha land not in agricultural use | Shift | regulation | EU regulation on minimum share of areas outside agricultural useDescription: Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use fom 5 to 10%, as mandatory share for all farmers |
EU regulation on minimum share of areas outside agricultural use | Increase minimum share of areas outside agricultural use fom 5 to 10%, as mandatory share for all farmers | medium | medium | German Zero p. 435 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 181 | LULUCF | Sustainable settlement development | Designation of protected areas for open spaces in cities | share of green areas in cities | Avoid | other | extend/establish protected areas in citiesDescription: Open spaces in cities, such as green belts, are essential for air quality, the regulation of the local climate and the quality of life. In order to safeguard them, these areas can be designated as protected areas, subject to a ban on building and sealing. Better connections between those areas would constitute a significant improvement for biodiversity, enabling fauna and flora to circulate without barriers such as roads and buildings. |
extend/establish protected areas in cities | Open spaces in cities, such as green belts, are essential for air quality, the regulation of the local climate and the quality of life. In order to safeguard them, these areas can be designated as protected areas, subject to a ban on building and sealing. Better connections between those areas would constitute a significant improvement for biodiversity, enabling fauna and flora to circulate without barriers such as roads and buildings. | medium | medium | Fuhrhop 2017 | https://www.oekom.de/buch/verbietet-das-bauen-9783962381943 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 182 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Enable homeoffice by teleworking equipment | nr. of work trips | Avoid | fiscal | IT equipment subsidiesDescription: For self-employed and employers, ICT equipment already count as expenses for tax base calculation (mature, but baseline). In addition, dedicated teleworking equipment (conferencing hard and software, cloud services etc) could be subsidised. |
IT equipment subsidies | For self-employed and employers, ICT equipment already count as expenses for tax base calculation (mature, but baseline). In addition, dedicated teleworking equipment (conferencing hard and software, cloud services etc) could be subsidised. | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 81 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 183 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Teleworking: Relief of work-related expenses | nr. of work trips | Avoid | fiscal | Subsidised energy billsDescription: Voluntary agreements of employers to additional pay, returning saved energy costs at the company; or legal obligation for employers (would likely disincentivise teleworking). |
Subsidised energy bills | Voluntary agreements of employers to additional pay, returning saved energy costs at the company; or legal obligation for employers (would likely disincentivise teleworking). | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 82 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 195 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Relief of work-related expenses for home office | nr. of work trips | Avoid | fiscal | tax acknowledgement of homeoffice expensesDescription: Flat-rate acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses of 5€/day (with potential yearly maximum) |
tax acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses | Flat-rate acknowledgement of homeoffice expenses of 5€/day (with potential yearly maximum) | short | short | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 184 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Teleworking: Incentivise employers | nr. of work trips | Avoid | economic | Company tax credits for teleworkingDescription: Companies receive a tax credit per commuting km not travelled by their employees due to teleworking. This instrument may be financed by a fraction of the commuting flat-rate subsidy, and partially passed to employees for additional energy expenses at home. |
Company tax credits for teleworking | Companies receive a tax credit per commuting km not travelled by their employees due to teleworking. This instrument may be financed by a fraction of the commuting flat-rate subsidy, and partially passed to employees for additional energy expenses at home. | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 83 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 185 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Better information of employers/employees on communiting impacts | nr. of work trips | Avoid | information | Information campaign commutingDescription: Governmental campaign informing employees and employers and raise awareness on communiting impacts |
Information campaign commuting | Governmental campaign informing employees and employers and raise awareness on communiting impacts | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 186 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Training for better home-office abilities | nr. of work trips | Avoid | education | Training for teleworkDescription: The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demonstrated, that with urgency, teleworking can be made possible. But employees need training for an efficient teleworking. Workshops, external coaching and training for teleworking and cloud tools can help to improve efficiency and can thus be subsidised. |
Training for telework | The Covid-19 pandemic situation has demonstrated, that with urgency, teleworking can be made possible. But employees need training for an efficient teleworking. Workshops, external coaching and training for teleworking and cloud tools can help to improve efficiency and can thus be subsidised. | short | medium | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 187 | Transport | Reduce commuting | teleworking for civil agents | nr. of work trips | Avoid | regulation | Right to home office for civil agentsDescription: Right to homeoffice (e.g. 50%) in public administration, ministries etc., implement necessary hard and software solution to enable teleworking. |
Right to home office for civil agents | Right to homeoffice (e.g. 50%) in public administration, ministries etc., implement necessary hard and software solution to enable teleworking. | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 89 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 188 | Transport | Reduce commuting | teleworking for companies | nr. of work trips | Avoid | voluntary agreements | Teleworking agreements with companiesDescription: Voluntary agreements with companies to stimulate and facilitate teleworking |
Teleworking agreements with companies | Voluntary agreements with companies to stimulate and facilitate teleworking | short | short | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 90 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 189 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Increase available broadband infrastructure | nr. of work trips | Avoid | regulation | IT Infrastructure regulation & investmentDescription: Regulatory framework enabling and stimulating investments in broadband IT infrastructure |
IT Infrastructure regulation & investment | Regulatory framework enabling and stimulating investments in broadband IT infrastructure | medium | long | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 80 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 190 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Support innovation in relation to avoided commuting | nr. of work trips | Avoid | fiscal | Innovation subsidiesDescription: Innovation subsidies |
Innovation subsidies | Innovation subsidies | short | medium | Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 84 | https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 191 | Transport | Reduce freight | Micro-hubs for delivery | motorised delivery kms | Shift | fiscal | Micro-hub promotionDescription: Promotion of micro-hubs for courier, express and parcel services, terminals in combined transport with automated loading. |
Micro-hub promotion | Promotion of micro-hubs for courier, express and parcel services, terminals in combined transport with automated loading. | medium | medium | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 86 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 192 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Promotion of teleworking | nr. of work trips | Avoid | regulation | Right to homeofficeDescription: New regulatory framework for 50% of working time is free to choose between office and home office, orientation at FI Working Time Act. Including regulation for breaks and rest, securing leisure times. |
Right to homeoffice | New regulatory framework for 50% of working time is free to choose between office and home office, orientation at FI Working Time Act. Including regulation for breaks and rest, securing leisure times. | short | short | German Zero p. 209; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 33f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 79 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 193 | Transport | Reduce trips | replacement of business trips by tele-meetings | nr. of business trips | Avoid | fiscal | Infrastructure improvementDescription: Necessary advancement of digital infrastructures (glas fibre connection expansion, 5G network). |
Infrastructure improvement | Necessary advancement of digital infrastructures (glas fibre connection expansion, 5G network). | medium | long | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 194 | Transport | Reduce trips | replacement of business trips by tele-meetings | nr. of business trips | Avoid | regulation | Travel cost regulations (public & company)Description: regulatory framework for travel costs (obligatory changes for internal travel cost directives in companies and public admin. travel cost regulations). |
Travel cost regulations (public & company) | regulatory framework for travel costs (obligatory changes for internal travel cost directives in companies and public admin. travel cost regulations). | short | short | German Zero p. 210; Martin et al. 2020 p. 70 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 196 | Transport | Reduce trips | Better space planning to reduce transport demands | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | other | Space planning urban/ruralDescription: Climate/energy targets in space-related planning concepts to reduce transport demands; integrated planning; short paths are actively travelled by walking or cycling; creating short paths through local economies, intelligent urban planning and strengthening of city centres, Transit-oriented development (TOD), see Copenhagen example, SUMPs |
Space planning urban/rural | Climate/energy targets in space-related planning concepts to reduce transport demands; integrated planning; short paths are actively travelled by walking or cycling; creating short paths through local economies, intelligent urban planning and strengthening of city centres, Transit-oriented development (TOD), see Copenhagen example, SUMPs | medium | long | NECP AT p. 116; Martin et al. 2020 p. 48 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 197 | Transport | Reduce trips | Reduce school trips | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | fiscal | Re-opening of closer-by schools (reversion of closures)Description: Re-opening of local schools (reversion of closures). To be elaborated further. |
Re-opening of closer-by schools (reversion of closures) | Re-opening of local schools (reversion of closures). To be elaborated further. | medium | long | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 198 | Transport | Reduce trips | Reduce accompanying trips through closer childcare facilities | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | fiscal | Opening of public and support of private childcare initiatives in villagesDescription: Childcare facilities also in villages (opening of public, support of private initiatives) |
Opening of public and support of private childcare initiatives in villages | Childcare facilities also in villages (opening of public, support of private initiatives) | medium | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 199 | Transport | Reduce trips | Reduce education trips through closer higher education facilities | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | fiscal | Reopening of local education facilitiesDescription: Higher density of higher education/universities |
Reopening of local education facilities | Higher density of higher education/universities | medium | long | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 200 | Transport | Reduce trips | Reduce shopping trips through securing locally available food/consumables provision | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | fiscal | Incentives for local/decentral shops, excess charges for traffic-inducing decentralised shopsDescription: Incentives for local/decentral shops, e.g. reduced taxation, rent subsidies, free coaching; excess charges for traffic-inducing centralised shops |
Incentives for local/decentral shops, excess charges for traffic-inducing decentralised shops | Incentives for local/decentral shops, e.g. reduced taxation, rent subsidies, free coaching; excess charges for traffic-inducing centralised shops | medium | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 201 | Transport | Reduce trips | Reduce medical trips | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Avoid | fiscal | Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly careDescription: Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care. Over the last decade, specialised medical care was less available in rural areas than urban centres, general medical care has done less home visits despite increasing numbers of more elderly in need. This probably drives up trips and could be countered by reversing the trend through respective changes to the regulation and incentive framework for medics (Struman et al. 2021). |
Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care | Securing/incentivising decentral medical (general & specialised, hospitals) & elderly care. Over the last decade, specialised medical care was less available in rural areas than urban centres, general medical care has done less home visits despite increasing numbers of more elderly in need. This probably drives up trips and could be countered by reversing the trend through respective changes to the regulation and incentive framework for medics (Struman et al. 2021). | medium | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 202 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses | parking spaces (per capita) | Shift | regulation | re-assignation of parking spacesDescription: Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses. Requires changes to departmental road regulations that currently require roads to be "not necessary" for transportation or "major public interest", if spaces should be turned to other uses. |
re-assignation of parking spaces | Re-assignation of parking spaces to other uses. Requires changes to departmental road regulations that currently require roads to be "not necessary" for transportation or "major public interest", if spaces should be turned to other uses. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 232f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 203 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduction of parking on public ground | parking spaces (per capita) | Avoid | regulation | General restriction of allowed parkingDescription: At present, parking is principally allowed on public grounds (common use of public space), if not explicitly prohibited. This policy at regional level would exclude parking from the definition of common use (Gemeingebrauch), leading to allowed parking only in especially designated spaces instead of generally allowed with designated prohibition. |
General restriction of allowed parking | At present, parking is principally allowed on public grounds (common use of public space), if not explicitly prohibited. This policy at regional level would exclude parking from the definition of common use (Gemeingebrauch), leading to allowed parking only in especially designated spaces instead of generally allowed with designated prohibition. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 231 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 204 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Reduction of (urban) parking space | parking spaces (per capita) | Avoid | regulation | Red. obligatory parking space/appartmentDescription: Elimination of obligatory parking space per apartment in departmental regulations (example department Berlin) |
Red. obligatory parking space/appartment | Elimination of obligatory parking space per apartment in departmental regulations (example department Berlin) | short | medium | German Zero p. 231 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 205 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | fewer parking garages | parking spaces (per capita) | Avoid | regulation | Less privileged parking space planningDescription: Elimination of national law giving the possibility for local administrations to privilege garages and parking lots in certain areas |
Less privileged parking space planning | Elimination of national law giving the possibility for local administrations to privilege garages and parking lots in certain areas | short | medium | German Zero p. 201 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 206 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | higher parking costs | car ownership rate | Shift | economic | Parking fee increaseDescription: increase of parking fees for local residents, ideally in the federal "Gebührenordnung für Maßnahmen im Straßenverkehr", with a minimum tariff and local variability. Proposed minimum tariffs are doubling the current tariffs. |
Parking fee increase | increase of parking fees for local residents, ideally in the federal "Gebührenordnung für Maßnahmen im Straßenverkehr", with a minimum tariff and local variability. Proposed minimum tariffs are doubling the current tariffs. | short | short | German Zero p. 202; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 207 | Transport | Leisure use of company cars | Reduce private use of company cars | company cars, total cars | Avoid, Shift | economic | Company car taxation reformDescription: tax set off in companies for cars only for low-emissions/consumption cars (possibly no set off for privately used cars), taxation of non-cash benefits (or full exclusion of set off for privately used cars), private use-km dependent taxation |
Company car taxation reform | tax set off in companies for cars only for low-emissions/consumption cars (possibly no set off for privately used cars), taxation of non-cash benefits (or full exclusion of set off for privately used cars), private use-km dependent taxation | medium | medium | German Zero p. 214ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 208 | Transport | Reduce trips | More shared mobility | occupancy rate | Avoid, Shift | regulation | Incentivising regulation for ride sharing/poolingDescription: Local regulation of tariffs (secure tariffs above public transport where public transport available. However, in rural areas, where public transport is not available secure economic tariffs), special parking & lane use rights |
Incentivising regulation for ride sharing/pooling | Local regulation of tariffs (secure tariffs above public transport where public transport available. However, in rural areas, where public transport is not available secure economic tariffs), special parking & lane use rights | medium | long | German Zero p. 246f; Martin et al. 2020 p. 50 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 209 | Transport | Reduce commuting | Reduce commuting trips | nr. of work trips | Avoid | economic | Cancellation of commuter tax reliefDescription: Cancellation of commuter tax relief (30ct/km), with exceptions for high burdens. Replacement by increase of personal tax base exemption to benefit all or cross-subsidies of public transport tickets and public transport expansion |
Cancellation of commuter tax relief | Cancellation of commuter tax relief (30ct/km), with exceptions for high burdens. Replacement by increase of personal tax base exemption to benefit all or cross-subsidies of public transport tickets and public transport expansion | short | short | German Zero p. 211ff; Böcker 2020 p. 24 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 210 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Long-term shift from road to public transport | road network | Avoid, Shift | regulation | Legal moratorium for road expansionDescription: Moratorium for new roads and expansion, with only qualified exeptions. Requires a legal moratorium in the federal law for long-distance roads, a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. |
Legal moratorium for road expansion | Moratorium for new roads and expansion, with only qualified exeptions. Requires a legal moratorium in the federal law for long-distance roads, a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. | short | long | German Zero p. 229 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 211 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Long-term shift from road to public transport | modal split | Avoid, Shift | regulation | Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (national)Description: Missing legal standards for BVWP, that defines as annex to FStrAbG the network expansion plans. Incl. barriers to road network expansion through CBA and no-better-alternative clause. Requires a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. |
Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (national) | Missing legal standards for BVWP, that defines as annex to FStrAbG the network expansion plans. Incl. barriers to road network expansion through CBA and no-better-alternative clause. Requires a reform to the legal basis for road expansion needs planning and respective implementation in the national transport planning ("Bundesverkehrswegeplan"), including application of transparent CBA. As well, departmental road laws need to be reformed accordingly. | medium | long | German Zero p. 229f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 212 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | Long-term shift from road to public transport | modal split | Avoid, Shift | other | Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (regional)Description: Equivalent implementation in departmental road expansion laws. |
Legal basis for infrastructure needs planning (regional) | Equivalent implementation in departmental road expansion laws. | medium | long | German Zero p. 230 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 213 | Transport | Mode shift - air to public transport | Infrastructure restriction for airports | air network: availability of air connections | Avoid, Shift | regulation | Airport expansion moratoriumDescription: Moratorium for airport expansions |
Airport expansion moratorium | Moratorium for airport expansions | short | medium | Martin et al. 2020 p. 49 | https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf" | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 214 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Bicycle-friendly cities | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | Shift | other | More competences for local administration in infrastructure planningDescription: more competences for administration to change infrastructures, bicycle zones, bicycle "green waves" |
More competences for local administration in infrastructure planning | more competences for administration to change infrastructures, bicycle zones, bicycle "green waves" | short | medium | German Zero p. 203f; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 215 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Bicycle-friendly cities | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | Shift | fiscal | Expansion of cycling infrastructure and better framework conditionsDescription: Expansion of cycling infrastructure (roads and parking) and better framework conditions. Complement: cycling hiways, Seitenstreifen, bridges |
Expansion of cycling infrastructure and better framework conditions | Expansion of cycling infrastructure (roads and parking) and better framework conditions. Complement: cycling hiways, Seitenstreifen, bridges | medium | medium | German Zero p. 234; NECP DE p. 95 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 216 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | modal split | Shift | fiscal | Active mobility fundDescription: Active Mobility Fund: creation of a €350 million cycling fund to fight against cycle path breaks etc., make cycling safer (secure parking, marking bikes against theft, bike locks at traffic lights, etc.) |
Active mobility fund | Active Mobility Fund: creation of a €350 million cycling fund to fight against cycle path breaks etc., make cycling safer (secure parking, marking bikes against theft, bike locks at traffic lights, etc.) | short | medium | NECP FR (EN) p. 57, 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 217 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | modal split | Shift | regulation | Reorientation of legal basis of road laws (include climate)Description: Reformulation of targets of road regulation (StVG): not only danger reduction, but respect to needs of cycling/walking, climate and environment (national/departmental level) |
Reorientation of legal basis of road laws (include climate) | Reformulation of targets of road regulation (StVG): not only danger reduction, but respect to needs of cycling/walking, climate and environment (national/departmental level) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 223 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 218 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | bicycle infrastructure staff in local admin. per 100.000 inhabitants | Shift | regulation | Mandate increased staff/budget at local levelDescription: National setting of minimum requirement for staff and budgetary resources at local level |
Mandate increased staff/budget at local level | National setting of minimum requirement for staff and budgetary resources at local level | medium | medium | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 219 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | modal split | Shift | regulation | Lower barriers for traffic confinementsDescription: Reformulation of road regulation (StVO) to allow traffic restrictions (especially space assignation to bike lanes) also if not necessary for danger avoidance |
Lower barriers for traffic confinements | Reformulation of road regulation (StVO) to allow traffic restrictions (especially space assignation to bike lanes) also if not necessary for danger avoidance | medium | medium | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 220 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | modal split | Shift | regulation | Green wave for bikesDescription: Reformulation of road regulation (VwV-StVO) to provide green wave for bicycles instead of cars |
Green wave for bikes | Reformulation of road regulation (VwV-StVO) to provide green wave for bicycles instead of cars | medium | medium | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 221 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Security in/promotion of cycling | bicycle network: infrastructures and connections | Shift | regulation | Opening up one-way streets for bicyclesDescription: Allowing bicycles to ride against one-way roads (including enabling changes to StVO) |
Opening up one-way streets for bicycles | Allowing bicycles to ride against one-way roads (including enabling changes to StVO) | short | short | German Zero p. 234 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 222 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Promote walking | modal split | Shift | regulation | Minimum sidewalk widthDescription: min. 2.5m sidewalk width |
Minimum sidewalk width | min. 2.5m sidewalk width | medium | medium | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 223 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Promote walking | public park share (% non-sealed soil of total area) | Shift | other | Quality improvementDescription: benches, trees, parks (initially pop-up and small-scale, then longer-term implementation) |
Quality improvement | benches, trees, parks (initially pop-up and small-scale, then longer-term implementation) | short | short | Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 224 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Promote walking | modal split | Shift | regulation | Facilitate implementation of zebra crossingsDescription: Lowering of barriers for zebra and other crossing implementation in StVO (from currently 50 walks + 200 cars per peak hour) |
Facilitate implementation of zebra crossings | Lowering of barriers for zebra and other crossing implementation in StVO (from currently 50 walks + 200 cars per peak hour) | short | medium | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 225 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Promote walking | modal split | Shift | regulation | Elimination of mandatory sidewalk useDescription: Allowed exception from mandatory use for narrow, bad shape, badly lit, dirty or ice-covered sidewalks. Securing respective walking areas on roads. |
Elimination of mandatory sidewalk use | Allowed exception from mandatory use for narrow, bad shape, badly lit, dirty or ice-covered sidewalks. Securing respective walking areas on roads. | short | short | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 226 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Promote walking | modal split | Shift | regulation | Adequate green phasesDescription: Adequately long and frequent green phases, especially at senior residences and kindergardens. Elimination of pedestrian red light crossing as law infringement, when no cars are in sight. |
Adequate green phases | Adequately long and frequent green phases, especially at senior residences and kindergardens. Elimination of pedestrian red light crossing as law infringement, when no cars are in sight. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 227 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Reduce road rule infringements | modal split | Shift | regulation | Higher sanctions for road rule infringementsDescription: Higher fees for road rule infringements: fees according to income, "Flensburg points", effective sanctioning |
Higher sanctions for road rule infringements | Higher fees for road rule infringements: fees according to income, "Flensburg points", effective sanctioning | short | short | German Zero p. 235; Martin et al. 2020 p. 51 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://newclimate.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/TransportRoadmap_Report_September2020.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 228 | Transport | Mode shift - air to public transport | Termination of air traffic <600km | air network: availability of air connections | Shift | regulation | <600km air travel ban within EUDescription: <600km air travel ban within EU |
<600km air travel ban within EU | <600km air travel ban within EU | medium | medium | German Zero p. 269 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 229 | Transport | Mode shift - air to public transport | Termination of domestic air traffic | air network: availability of air connections | Shift | regulation | Domestic air travel banDescription: Domestic air travel ban |
Domestic air travel ban | Domestic air travel ban | short | short | German Zero p. 269 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 230 | Transport | Mode shift - air to public transport | Night train instead of flights | rail network: availability of train connections | Shift | other | Federal train service coordination/planning, incl. night train servicesDescription: Federal coordination securing frequent night train services to replace short-/medium-distance flights |
Federal train service coordination/planning, incl. night train services | Federal coordination securing frequent night train services to replace short-/medium-distance flights | medium | medium | LTS AT p. 54; NECPs: AT p. 111, SE p. 53; German Zero p. 242f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 231 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Car-free city centers | modal split | Shift | regulation | Car access restrictionDescription: Access restrictions and environmental zones for zero-emission vehicles, entry restrictions for internal combustion vehicles |
Car access restriction | Access restrictions and environmental zones for zero-emission vehicles, entry restrictions for internal combustion vehicles | medium | medium | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87; DLR | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 232 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduce commuting trips | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Shift | regulation | Mandatory company mobility managementDescription: Mandatory mobility management for companies & public administration with 200/300+ employees. Includes mobility data collection, action plan with targets and responsibilities. |
Mandatory company mobility management | Mandatory mobility management for companies & public administration with 200/300+ employees. Includes mobility data collection, action plan with targets and responsibilities. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 215 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 233 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduce commuting trips | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Shift | voluntary agreements | Employer voluntary agreement incl. co-financing and support in home-officeDescription: (Voluntary) Climate Agreement (as 2019 closed in NL) with employers to reduce car transport and cycling increase, additional co-financing, support in home-office |
Employer voluntary agreement incl. co-financing and support in home-office | (Voluntary) Climate Agreement (as 2019 closed in NL) with employers to reduce car transport and cycling increase, additional co-financing, support in home-office | medium | medium | NECP NL p. 55 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 234 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduce MIT | €/km | Shift | economic | Road chargeDescription: Introduction of road charges (ideally km-dependent) until 2027 for internalising road infrastructure costs. Ideally implementation of a unified charge at EU level, otherwise national. The charge should cover the entire road network, differentiate tariffs by GHG and other emissions (polluter pays principle). Tariffs could also differentiate traffic volumes (high traffic zones with higher tariffs) and e.g. exempt rural zones where no public transport alternative exists. |
Road charge | Introduction of road charges (ideally km-dependent) until 2027 for internalising road infrastructure costs. Ideally implementation of a unified charge at EU level, otherwise national. The charge should cover the entire road network, differentiate tariffs by GHG and other emissions (polluter pays principle). Tariffs could also differentiate traffic volumes (high traffic zones with higher tariffs) and e.g. exempt rural zones where no public transport alternative exists. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 223 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 235 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Internalise road infrastructure costs at the local level | €/km | Shift | regulation | City road chargeDescription: If an EU/national road charge cannot be implemented rapidly, an interim solution is to charge roads locally, especially in urban centers. This requires the permission for local administrations. Various urban road charging modes exist, the choice should then be taken at local level, respecting local specificities. |
City road charge | If an EU/national road charge cannot be implemented rapidly, an interim solution is to charge roads locally, especially in urban centers. This requires the permission for local administrations. Various urban road charging modes exist, the choice should then be taken at local level, respecting local specificities. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 226; Matthias et al. 2020 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 236 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduce accompanying trips, shift to bus for school students | nr. of trips (other purpose) | Shift | fiscal | Free school transportDescription: Free school transport for all primary and secondary school students and free use of public transport for youths and students between 16-20 years old |
Free school transport | Free school transport for all primary and secondary school students and free use of public transport for youths and students between 16-20 years old | short | short | NECP MT p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 237 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduction of (urban) parking space | parking spaces/capita | Shift | other | Digital parking controlsDescription: Use of scan-vehicles (and respective legal basis) instead of manual control, digitalised tickets |
Digital parking controls | Use of scan-vehicles (and respective legal basis) instead of manual control, digitalised tickets | medium | medium | German Zero p. 232; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 238 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduction of parking traffic | Shift | fiscal | Support of parking management systemDescription: Financial support for local introduction of sensor-based, intelligent parking management systems |
Support of parking management system | Financial support for local introduction of sensor-based, intelligent parking management systems | short | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 239 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Relieve disadvantage of public transport users | car ownership rate | Shift | economic | Car tax reformDescription: Car tax reform (mobility budget as tax exemption of the size of company car privilege that does not further put in disadvantage people not using a car) |
Car tax reform | Car tax reform (mobility budget as tax exemption of the size of company car privilege that does not further put in disadvantage people not using a car) | short | medium | NECP LU p. 85; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 240 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Reduce car ownership and incentivise mode shift | modal split | Shift | fiscal | Mobility VoucherDescription: Introduction of a mobility voucher (up to 1500€/a) for public transport tickets in return for old vehicle (EURO3 or older) |
Mobility Voucher | Introduction of a mobility voucher (up to 1500€/a) for public transport tickets in return for old vehicle (EURO3 or older) | short | short | NECP IT p. 139 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 241 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Internalisation of external costs | car ownership rate | Avoid | economic | Car admission taxDescription: Introduction of car admission tax (potentially levied together with yearly car tax). Based on:
- energy consumption (also incl. future EVs), weight
- exclude EVs until market ramp-up
- step-wise phase-out of buyer premia |
Car admission tax | Introduction of car admission tax (potentially levied together with yearly car tax). Based on: - energy consumption (also incl. future EVs), weight - exclude EVs until market ramp-up - step-wise phase-out of buyer premia | short | medium | German Zero p. 218f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 242 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Internalisation of external costs | car ownership rate | Avoid | economic | Yearly car taxDescription: Tax level orientation: CO2-/energy consumption-/weight, inflation-indexing, immediate implementation.
This automobile taxation reform targets the replacement of buyer premia and contains 3 elements:
- revising tax levels and orienting them progressively at CO2 intensity (esp. for company cars), see GZ 217 and cited sources for more specific tariff formulations
- reflecting weight in taxation: promoting smaller/lighter and more efficient cars that have less utilisation impact on road infrastructure with lower tax levels (disincentivising E-SUVs)
- inflation-indexing: curently, taxes are set in absolute values that devaluate with inflation. Inflation-indexing would counter this development
These elements should be introduced immediately, also to disincentivise existing high-emission vehicles. |
Yearly car tax | Tax level orientation: CO2-/energy consumption-/weight, inflation-indexing, immediate implementation. This automobile taxation reform targets the replacement of buyer premia and contains 3 elements: - revising tax levels and orienting them progressively at CO2 intensity (esp. for company cars), see GZ 217 and cited sources for more specific tariff formulations - reflecting weight in taxation: promoting smaller/lighter and more efficient cars that have less utilisation impact on road infrastructure with lower tax levels (disincentivising E-SUVs) - inflation-indexing: curently, taxes are set in absolute values that devaluate with inflation. Inflation-indexing would counter this development These elements should be introduced immediately, also to disincentivise existing high-emission vehicles. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 217f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 243 | Transport | Mode shift - car to public transport | Disincentivise car aquisition/ownership | car ownership rate | Avoid, Shift | fiscal | elimination of buyer premiaDescription: elimination of all vehicle buyer premia (incl. EV), step-wise phase-out |
elimination of buyer premia | elimination of all vehicle buyer premia (incl. EV), step-wise phase-out | short | medium | German Zero p. 219 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 244 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Make public transport more attractive | modal split | Shift | fiscal | Investment in public transport efficiency increaseDescription: More efficient transport technologies (also trains) |
Investment in public transport efficiency increase | More efficient transport technologies (also trains) | medium | medium | NECP ES (EN) p. 135f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 245 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | reactivation of lines | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | regulation | Revision of legal basisDescription: reactivation of lines, For this instrument, first the legal basis has to be adapted (Änderung des Bundesverkehrswegeplans auch das Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz, die Leistungs- und Finanzierungsvereinbarung (LuFV) sowie ggf. das Schienengüterfernverkehrsnetzförderungsgesetz und das Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz). |
Revision of legal basis | reactivation of lines, For this instrument, first the legal basis has to be adapted (Änderung des Bundesverkehrswegeplans auch das Bundesschienenwegeausbaugesetz, die Leistungs- und Finanzierungsvereinbarung (LuFV) sowie ggf. das Schienengüterfernverkehrsnetzförderungsgesetz und das Gemeindeverkehrsfinanzierungsgesetz). | medium | long | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 246 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | reactivation of lines | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | fiscal | cost-benefit assessment and reactivation fundsDescription: reactivation of lines, incl. transparent cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Transparent CBA has to be conducted and necessary funds to be provided by the federal government. |
cost-benefit assessment and reactivation funds | reactivation of lines, incl. transparent cost-benefit analysis (CBA). Transparent CBA has to be conducted and necessary funds to be provided by the federal government. | medium | long | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 247 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | higher network density and frequency | public transport network: availability of connections, Public transport frequency | Shift | regulation | Target network plan and timetableDescription: GermanZero proposes an encompassing policy package to improve long-distance rail services in terms of network coverage and service frequency. In essence, the proposal is to switch to a concession model in analogy to public transportservice contracting for local public transport and as done by all other EU member states. The package involves 4 policy actions:
- Definition of a target rail network and timetable (with higher network density and service frequency "Deutschlandtakt")
- National coordinating institution setup within the ministry of transport who contracts rail services and secures the mid/long-term service provision
- Concrete service provision definition by the federal state (above institution) to secure full territorial service coverage (irrespective of financial attractiveness of routes) and including night train services
- Necessary enactment of a long-distance passenger transport law and adaptions to the Eisenbahnregulierungsgesetz (ERegG) and air transport law (LuFV). |
Target network plan and timetable | GermanZero proposes an encompassing policy package to improve long-distance rail services in terms of network coverage and service frequency. In essence, the proposal is to switch to a concession model in analogy to public transportservice contracting for local public transport and as done by all other EU member states. The package involves 4 policy actions: - Definition of a target rail network and timetable (with higher network density and service frequency "Deutschlandtakt") - National coordinating institution setup within the ministry of transport who contracts rail services and secures the mid/long-term service provision - Concrete service provision definition by the federal state (above institution) to secure full territorial service coverage (irrespective of financial attractiveness of routes) and including night train services - Necessary enactment of a long-distance passenger transport law and adaptions to the Eisenbahnregulierungsgesetz (ERegG) and air transport law (LuFV). | medium | long | German Zero p. 241ff | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 248 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Increase public transport frequency | public transport frequency | Shift | fiscal | Legal obligation for public transportfrequencyDescription: public transport frequencies: all stops at least every hour every day, half-hourly on weekdays. Obligation for local public transport tenderers to tender hourly services. Securing of federal finance. |
Legal obligation for public transportfrequency | public transport frequencies: all stops at least every hour every day, half-hourly on weekdays. Obligation for local public transport tenderers to tender hourly services. Securing of federal finance. | short | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 249 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | widen public transport service coverage to all villages | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | regulation | Legal obligation for public transportavailabilityDescription: public transport as public welfare provision: every village with public transport stop |
Legal obligation for public transportavailability | public transport as public welfare provision: every village with public transport stop | medium | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 250 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Local public transport financing: Employer contributions | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | economic | employer pay local public transport feeDescription: Employers pay 2.6% in urban centers, in rural regions 0.55% of wages. Higher contributions for facilities inducing more traffic (See FR: 0.55-2.6% of wage to finance local PT). Applicable only to employers >10 employees, exemption for 10 years after establishment. |
employer pay local public transport fee | Employers pay 2.6% in urban centers, in rural regions 0.55% of wages. Higher contributions for facilities inducing more traffic (See FR: 0.55-2.6% of wage to finance local PT). Applicable only to employers >10 employees, exemption for 10 years after establishment. | short | medium | German Zero p. 244 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 251 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Local public transport financing: One-time contribution for establishing public transport accessability | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | economic | Accessability fee for building ownersDescription: Introduce a one-time accessability fee for building owners to finance public transport connection (similar as other [gas, water, sidewalk, road] development fees). Replace existing obligation for parking lots |
Accessability fee for building owners | Introduce a one-time accessability fee for building owners to finance public transport connection (similar as other [gas, water, sidewalk, road] development fees). Replace existing obligation for parking lots | short | medium | German Zero p. 244 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 252 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Increase attractiveness of public transport by lower network tariffs | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | Lower network tariffsDescription: By national support, e.g. orientation at marginal costs, or targeted rebates for new offers |
Lower network tariffs | By national support, e.g. orientation at marginal costs, or targeted rebates for new offers | short | short | German Zero p. 240; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 253 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Ticket tax reduction | public transport price | Shift | economic | VAT rebate for long-distance rail travelsDescription: Reduction of VAT to level of public provision goods (7%) |
VAT rebate for long-distance rail travels | Reduction of VAT to level of public provision goods (7%) | short | short | NECP DE p. 246 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 254 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Long distance public transport prices: price reform | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | ticket reform, price reductionDescription: Long distance public transport ticket reform: decreasing prices |
ticket reform, price reduction | Long distance public transport ticket reform: decreasing prices | short | short | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 255 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Long distance public transport prices: cheaper abos | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | cheaper rail abonnementsDescription: Long distance public transport ticket reform: more economic route-abos and BC50, BC100 |
cheaper rail abonnements | Long distance public transport ticket reform: more economic route-abos and BC50, BC100 | short | short | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 256 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Financial relief for rail | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | Electricity tax reductionDescription: Lower rail electricity tax (currently 1.14ct/kWh, second-highest in EU) or dismiss (as in 8 other EU countries) |
Electricity tax reduction | Lower rail electricity tax (currently 1.14ct/kWh, second-highest in EU) or dismiss (as in 8 other EU countries) | short | short | German Zero p. 240 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 257 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Light rail construction | public transport network: availability of connections | Shift | fiscal | National grants for light rail constructionDescription: Grants for the establishment of light rail transits and further lines (DK: in Aarhus and Odense). In DE, expansion of existing light rail networks and establishment of new networks in urban areas. |
National grants for light rail construction | Grants for the establishment of light rail transits and further lines (DK: in Aarhus and Odense). In DE, expansion of existing light rail networks and establishment of new networks in urban areas. | medium | medium | NECP DK p. 95 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 258 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | More attractive local public transport prices | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | 365€ ticketDescription: Local yearly public transport ticket @365€ |
365€ ticket | Local yearly public transport ticket @365€ | short | short | Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 259 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Local public transport prices | public transport price | Shift | fiscal | Free local public transport tickets, alternative financing, service expansionDescription: Generally free local public transport (tax financed). This instrument needs to be accompanied by infrastructure and service expansion to meet expectedly largely increasing public transport demand. |
Free local public transport tickets, alternative financing, service expansion | Generally free local public transport (tax financed). This instrument needs to be accompanied by infrastructure and service expansion to meet expectedly largely increasing public transport demand. | short | short | Transport model logic; Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 88 | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 260 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | Improvement of rail infrastructure | public transport frequency | Shift | fiscal | network enhancement for overtaking long freight trainsDescription: In the German rail network, rails are often shared between short/long-distance passenger trains and freight trains. Especially slower and long (EU standard: 740m) freight trains need to be overtaken. Over the last years, parallel and overtaking tracks have rather been reduced. The network needs enhancement with respective overtaking tracks. |
network enhancement for overtaking long freight trains | In the German rail network, rails are often shared between short/long-distance passenger trains and freight trains. Especially slower and long (EU standard: 740m) freight trains need to be overtaken. Over the last years, parallel and overtaking tracks have rather been reduced. The network needs enhancement with respective overtaking tracks. | medium | long | German Zero p. 239 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 261 | Transport | Mode shift - rail/public transport improvement | P&R infrastructure | Shift | fiscal | P&R + mobility hubsDescription: Mandatory P&R facilities where sufficient bus connection is not possible. Incl. mobility hub (incl. car sharing) |
P&R + mobility hubs | Mandatory P&R facilities where sufficient bus connection is not possible. Incl. mobility hub (incl. car sharing) | medium | medium | Transport model logic | https://github.com/marlinarnz/quetzal_germany#readme | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 262 | Transport | Mode shift | Inform population on climate effects of mobility (options) | Shift | not specified | Information campaign and platformDescription: Information campaign Climate 2050 and information platform containing target group-specific information explaining national climate policy (goal: citzens think and know about how to contribute personally to climate issues) |
Information campaign and platform | Information campaign Climate 2050 and information platform containing target group-specific information explaining national climate policy (goal: citzens think and know about how to contribute personally to climate issues) | short | short | NECP DE p. 78f | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 263 | Transport | Cars with lower absolute energy consumption | Labelling of cars shall inform on absolute energy consumption | Avoid | information | Label based on absolute valuesDescription: Labelling of car energy consumption: absolute values instead of value/weight (as in DE) |
Label based on absolute values | Labelling of car energy consumption: absolute values instead of value/weight (as in DE) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 207 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 264 | Transport: freight | Increase rail freight share | Improvement of rail infrastructure (freight transport) | Shift | fiscal | Improve rail interoperability (EU)Description: Improve digital signalling systems and interoperability (ETCS), and digital coupling/freight |
Improve rail interoperability (EU) | Improve digital signalling systems and interoperability (ETCS), and digital coupling/freight | medium | medium | German Zero p. 209 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 265 | Transport | More conscious use of resources | Better incentives higher fossil prices and avoid fuel tourism | gasoline price | Shift, General | economic | Reform EU energy tax directiveDescription: Increase of minimum taxation, harmonisation |
Reform EU energy tax directive | Increase of minimum taxation, harmonisation | medium | medium | German Zero p. 223; Faber et al. 2012 p. 7f, 28ff | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf, https://ec.europa.eu/clima/system/files/2016-11/main_report_en.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 266 | Transport | GHG emission limits and reduction | Support sector coupling | gasoline price, public transport price | Shift | economic | Higher taxes on fossil fuels, lower taxes on electricityDescription: Surcharge tax on top of energy tax for gas (rising) and electricity (falling). Current additional taxation scheme: Carbon tax for heat and transport sectors. Implemented within the "Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" (BEHG) as tax ("fixed price") until 2025, then price corridor in ETS. Path and corridor see https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/199/1919929.pdf Art 1.2 |
Higher taxes on fossil fuels, lower taxes on electricity | Surcharge tax on top of energy tax for gas (rising) and electricity (falling). Current additional taxation scheme: Carbon tax for heat and transport sectors. Implemented within the "Brennstoffemissionshandelsgesetz" (BEHG) as tax ("fixed price") until 2025, then price corridor in ETS. Path and corridor see https://dserver.bundestag.de/btd/19/199/1919929.pdf Art 1.2 | medium | medium | NECP NL p. 63 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 267 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | less road space, more space for bicycles and pedestrians | modal split | Shift | regulation | Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructureDescription: Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure (may be initially pop-up, then long-term implementation) |
Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure | Conversion of road space to bicycle & pedestrian infrastructure (may be initially pop-up, then long-term implementation) | short | short | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7606 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 268 | Transport | Reduce motorized individual transport | operate with true costs of mobility options | gasoline price, public transport price | Avoid | fiscal | Eliminate environmentally harmful subsidiesDescription: Reduce all non-sustainable subsides: Fuels (diesel, aviation fuel), infrastructure (roads, airports), vehicles (company cars), flat-rate commuter allowance |
Eliminate environmentally harmful subsidies | Reduce all non-sustainable subsides: Fuels (diesel, aviation fuel), infrastructure (roads, airports), vehicles (company cars), flat-rate commuter allowance | short | short | Wuppertal Institut 2020 p. 87 | https://epub.wupperinst.org/frontdoor/index/index/docId/7607 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 269 | Transport | Mode shift - promotion of active modes | Increase security in cycling/walking | Shift | regulation | Doubling assistant for freight vehiclesDescription: doubling assistant for freight vehicles to avoid collisions with cyclists |
Doubling assistant for freight vehicles | doubling assistant for freight vehicles to avoid collisions with cyclists | short | medium | German Zero p. 206 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 270 | Transport | GHG emission limits and reduction | Cap total transport emissions | General | regulation | transport carbon budgetDescription: 5-year carbon budgets at the national level |
transport carbon budget | 5-year carbon budgets at the national level | medium | medium | NECP IE p. 74 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 271 | Transport | Raise knowledge about climate and sufficiency innovation | Promotion for rational energy use | General | other | Energy & climate agenciesDescription: Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors |
Energy & climate agencies | Leverage the role of local energy and climate agencies: They play a very important role in terms of local sustainable development by promoting energy efficiency, the rational use of energy in various sectors | medium | medium | NECP PT p. 66 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 272 | Transport | Reduce energy consumption | Progressive tariffs | Avoid | other | Tariff regulationDescription: Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases. |
Tariff regulation | Electricity tariffs incorporate a built-in mechanism which promotes end-use savings. This includes a "rising block tariff" and an eco-reduction mechanism. These mechanisms incentivize end-users to reduce consumption below an established threshold and deter high consumption by applying higher tariffs as consumption increases. | short | short | NECP MT p. 82 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 273 | Transport | GHG emission limits and reduction | Reduce transport emissions | General | regulation | GHG reduction targetsDescription: Effective transport emission reduction targets for 2025 and 2030, with targets increasing exponentially. Target year 2035 climate neutrality. |
GHG reduction targets | Effective transport emission reduction targets for 2025 and 2030, with targets increasing exponentially. Target year 2035 climate neutrality. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 200 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 274 | Transport | GHG emission limits and reduction | Reduce transport emissions | gasoline price | General | regulation | ETS for transportDescription: Cap-and-trade for transport emissions (only delayed implementation possible) |
ETS for transport | Cap-and-trade for transport emissions (only delayed implementation possible) | medium | medium | German Zero p. 46f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 275 | Transport | Mode shift | Increase multi-modality | General | fiscal | investments in infrastructure Description: Support of multi-modality through investment in infrastructure at mode nodes. |
investments in infrastructure | Support of multi-modality through investment in infrastructure at mode nodes. | medium | medium | Matthias et al. 2020 | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2020.102536 | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | ||
| 276 | Transport | Mode shift - air to public transport | make flying more expensive | km of flights | General | economic | aviation carbon taxDescription: Support Europe-wide initiatives to introduce standardised carbon pricing in the aviation sector |
aviation carbon tax | Support Europe-wide initiatives to introduce standardised carbon pricing in the aviation sector | medium | medium | NECP BE p. 105 | https://energy.ec.europa.eu/topics/energy-strategy/national-energy-and-climate-plans-necps_en | Benjamin Best | 01/2022 | |
| 277 | Transport: freight | Increase rail share | Supportive regulatory framework | modal split | Shift | regulation | EU MS regulation harmonisationDescription: Shifting goods to rail is more beneficial the longer the distances. Germany should lobby for a reform of the 30-year old directive 92/106/EWG and 1072/2007/EG to define "combined transport" and "closest terminal" |
EU MS regulation harmonisation | Shifting goods to rail is more beneficial the longer the distances. Germany should lobby for a reform of the 30-year old directive 92/106/EWG and 1072/2007/EG to define "combined transport" and "closest terminal" | medium | long | German Zero p. 248 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 278 | Transport: freight | Increase rail share | Extend interconnection infrastructure | modal split | Shift | fiscal | financial support of road-rail connectivity infrastructureDescription: Establish goods-shifting infrastructure at nodes for cost-efficient shift from/to road/rail. Investment in infrastructure and subsidies for interconnectivity. Example: AT |
financial support of road-rail connectivity infrastructure | Establish goods-shifting infrastructure at nodes for cost-efficient shift from/to road/rail. Investment in infrastructure and subsidies for interconnectivity. Example: AT | medium | long | German Zero p. 249 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 279 | Transport: freight | Increase rail share | Better rail connection of new commercial/industrial zones | modal split | Shift | regulation | Mandatory rail connectionDescription: designate new commercial/industrial zones only with rail grid connection if high transport volume to be expected |
Mandatory rail connection | designate new commercial/industrial zones only with rail grid connection if high transport volume to be expected | medium | long | German Zero p. 250 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 280 | Transport: freight | Reduce freight | Reduce road freight transport | road freight price | Avoid | economic | Extend and increase freight tollDescription: -Freight toll should cover all vehicles >3.5t and on all roads incl. buses to internalise external road costs.
-differentiation of tariffs by emissions and electricity consumption
-tariffs rising progressively by distance to incentivise shift to rail for longer distances
-limit exemptions for EVs (only at very early market stage)
-dispose of mandatory use of toll income for road construction (possibility to invest in rail/waterways)
-lobby at EU level to be able to fully internalise external noise and pollution costs |
Extend and increase freight toll | -Freight toll should cover all vehicles >3.5t and on all roads incl. buses to internalise external road costs. -differentiation of tariffs by emissions and electricity consumption -tariffs rising progressively by distance to incentivise shift to rail for longer distances -limit exemptions for EVs (only at very early market stage) -dispose of mandatory use of toll income for road construction (possibility to invest in rail/waterways) -lobby at EU level to be able to fully internalise external noise and pollution costs | medium | medium | German Zero p. 255f | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 281 | Transport: freight | Reduce freight | Reduce air freight transport | air freight price | Avoid | economic | Air freight taxationDescription: The current air taxation only covers tickets, not freight. GZ proposes a taxation by weight or volume of air freight. |
Air freight taxation | The current air taxation only covers tickets, not freight. GZ proposes a taxation by weight or volume of air freight. | medium | medium | German Zero p. 272 | https://energysufficiency.de/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/GermanZero-2021-Massnahmen-für-ein-15-Grad-Gesetzespaket.pdf | Johannes Thema | 01/2022 | |
| 0 | explanation / metadata | info: Targeted goal of policy instrument | info: Activity induced by policy instrument to reach the goal | info: Indicator(s) addressed by the policy instrument and/or that can serve to monitor policy impact |
info: ASI categorisation, see e.g. Best et al. (2022) |
info: Instrument types according to UNFCCC (2000) |
info: Unique name of the policy instrument that explains the policy to some extentDescription: info: Slightly more detailed description of the respective policy instrument |
info: Unique name of the policy instrument that explains the policy to some extent | info: Slightly more detailed description of the respective policy instrument | info: Rough estimate of time until possible implementation | info: Rough estimate of time between implementation and impact |
https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database" target="_blank">EnSuhttps://energysufficiency.de/policy-database" target="_blank">cite as: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/ |
cite as: Best, Benjamin, Thema, Johannes, Zell-Ziegler, Carina, Wiese, Frauke, Vogel, Bendix (2022). Sufficiency Policy Database [Data set]. Energy Sufficiency Research Group. https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database/ | https://energysufficiency.de/policy-database | info: Name of person who inserted / proposed the policy | info: Date (mm/yyyy) of introduction of policy in the database |